Objective: To evaluate the thermocycling effect of 3D-printed resins on exural strength, surface roughness, microbiological adhesion, and porosity.Materials and methods: Speci cally, 150 bar specimens (8 × 2 × 2 mm) and 100 blocks (8 × 8 × 2 mm) were made and divided among ve groups, according to two factors: "material" (AR: acrylic resin, CR: composite resin, BIS: bis-acryl resin, CAD: CAD/CAM PMMA resin, and PRINT: 3D-printed resin) and "aging" (non-aged and aged -TC). Half of the samples from each group were subjected to thermocycling (10,000 thermocycles; 5-55 °C), and the rest were stored in water (37 ºC) for 24 h. The bars were then subjected to a mini exural strength (σ) test (1 mm/min; 100kgF). All the blocks were subjected to roughness values (Ra, Rq, and Rz). The non-aged blocks were subjected to porosity analysis (micro-CT (n=5)) and fungal adherence (n=10). The data of σ (MPa) and Ra, Rq, and Rz(µm) were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Weibull analysis was performed to verify the reliability of the σ data. Fungal adhesion (log CFU/mL) data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test.Results: For exural strength, ANOVA showed that "material" and "aging" factors were statistically signi cant (p<0.0001). The mean exural strength ranged from 49.87 MPa to 118.23 MPa between the experimental groups. The BIS group (118.23±16.26A) presented higher σ value than the AR group (89.60±9.38BC), whereas the PRINT group (49.87±7.55E) had the lowest mean of the exural strength (Tukey, a=0.05). All groups showed a decrease in σ after thermocycling, except for the PRINT group, which showed signi cantly increased exural strength after aging (PRINTTC:81.33±20.38CD). The Weibull modulus for the CRTC was signi cantly lower than those of the other groups. The AR group showed higher roughness values than the BIS group, regardless of age (p<0.0001). Porosity analyses revealed that the AR (1.369%) and BIS (6.339%) groups presented the highest porosity values among the experimental groups and that the CAD group (0.002%) had the lowest porosity. Cell adhesion was signi cantly different between the CR (6.81) and CAD (6.37) groups (p=0.036).Conclusion: Thermocycling reduced the exural strength of most provisional materials evaluated, except for 3D-printed resin. However, it did not in uence the surface roughness of each material. Moreover, Candida albicans adherence and porosity varied among materials.Clinical relevance: 3D-printed resins are promising materials for clinical applications because they have good mechanical properties and low fungal adhesion.