Effect of annealing on lattice strain and near-band-edge emission of ZnO nanorods

Racetrack Effect on the Dissimilar Sensing Response of ZnO Thin Film—An Anisotropy of Isotropy

“…The lattice constant ( c ), crystallite size ( D ), stress (σ), and strain (ε) were calculated using the following relations (eq –) − and are listed in Table . Here, λ, θ, β, d, and c o are X-ray wavelength of Cu Kα radiation (1.5406 Å), Bragg’s diffraction angle, full width at half-maxima (fwhm), interplanar spacing, and lattice constant of unstrained bulk ZnO (5.2066 Å), respectively. The observed peak shifts toward lower and higher angles revealed the variation in the lattice constant c . The average crystallite size of the deposited thin film was found to be increased from the R2 to R5 samples.…”

“…The noticeable wavelike patterns (interference fringes) in the visible region might be due to the homogeneous surface 50,51 and coherence of incident and reflected waves. 49 This phenomena was commonly observed in the thin films deposited using sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, 50 and metal−organic chemical-vapor deposition 51 techniques. Even though the film showed a highly oriented growth along the c-axis, the observed variations in lattice parameters, thickness, and nanostructured morphology caused the changes in the absorbing wave patterns (Figure 4b).…”

“…The obtained spectra revealed the formation of a highly crystalline film with the transmittance of 80–95% in the visible region. The noticeable wavelike patterns (interference fringes) in the visible region might be due to the homogeneous surface , and coherence of incident and reflected waves . This phenomena was commonly observed in the thin films deposited using sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, and metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition techniques.…”