Effect of annealing temperature and heating rate on the magnetic and mechanical properties of electrical steel

Rapid annealing effects on microstructure, texture, and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel

“…Although both nucleation and growth rates increase due to high stored strain energy, the increase in the nucleation rate is faster than that of the growth rate. Therefore, compared with slow annealing, rapid annealing leads to smaller grain size, which agrees with the results from previous studies [15,18].…”

“…Bae et al [14] found that the mean grain size became larger and the favorable texture was weakened when the heating rate was increased from 12.5°C/s to 21.5°C/s. On the other hand, Duan et al [15] and Park et al [16] reported that a heating rate increase in the 5 to 30°C/s range has a favorable effect on the magnetic properties and recrystallized microstructure because it changes the recovery and recrystallization processes in electrical steel. In earlier studies, the heating rate was either in the range from 5 to 30°C/s, or above 1000°C/s.…”

Effect of Heating Rate on the Development of Annealing Texture in Nonoriented Electrical Steels

“…Furthermore, an increase in the heating rate provides the means to decrease core loss and, at the same time, to increase permeability in nonoriented electrical steels. 3,4) However, until now rather contradictory results about the effect of heating rate on texture formation in steels have been reported [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and the reason for the texture change which results from changes in the heating rate has not been clearly explained. Some researchers [5][6][7] suggested that a fast heating rate weakened (111) annealing texture while others found that it strengthened (111) texture 8) or had no effect on the texture formation.…”

Effect of initial grain size on texture evolution and magnetic properties in nonoriented electrical steels

“…The magnetic properties of these steels are influenced by the grain size and crystallographic texture of the annealed final products [1,2]. These metallurgical factors change with chemical composition as well as processing conditions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The problems related to grain size control have been extensively investigated, while texture control has received much less attention.…”