Abstract:Mechanical preparation of the apical third is a major challenge in root canal treatment due to the complex anatomy of this region. The presence of biofilm in the apical foramen may be related to endodontic failures; therefore, its removal becomes indispensable. Due to anatomical variety and the presence of biofilm, foramen instrumentation may be related to the success of root canal treatment. Thus, the aim of this literature review was to determine whether the enlargement of the apical third contributes to red… Show more
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