Effect of Artemisinin-Loaded Mesoporous Cerium-Doped Calcium Silicate Nanopowder on Cell Proliferation of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

Abstract

Ion doping has rendered mesoporous structures important materials in the field of tissue engineering, as apart from drug carriers, they can additionally serve as regenerative materials. The purpose of the present study was the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the effect of artemisinin (ART)-loaded cerium-doped mesoporous calcium silicate nanopowders (NPs) on the hemocompatibility and cell proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs). Mesoporous NPs were synthesized in a basic environment via a surfactant assisted cooperative self-assembly process and were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) and N2 Porosimetry. The loading capacity of NPs was evaluated using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography/High resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS). Their biocompatibility was evaluated with the MTT assay, and the analysis of reactive oxygen species was performed using the cell-permeable ROS-sensitive probe 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). The synthesized NPs presented a mesoporous structure with a surface area ranging from 1312 m2/g for undoped silica to 495 m2/g for the Ce-doped NPs, excellent bioactivity after a 1-day immersion in c-SBF, hemocompatibility and a high loading capacity (around 80%). They presented ROS scavenging properties, and both the unloaded and ART-loaded NPs significantly promoted cell proliferation even at high concentrations of NPs (125 μg/mL). The ART-loaded Ce-doped NPs with the highest amount of cerium slightly restricted cell proliferation after 7 days of culture, but the difference was not significant compared with the control untreated cells.

Electrospun PLGA Membranes with Incorporated Moxifloxacin-Loaded Silica-Based Mesoporous Nanocarriers for Periodontal Regeneration

“…In the present study, MSN-loaded membranes presented slightly higher hemocompatibility compared with the neat, unloaded membranes; however, the differences were not statistically important, probably due to the small loading percentage of hemocompatible MSNs. Additionally, loading PLGA membranes with MOX presented reduced or no hemolytic activity, indicating the protective role of drugs/antibiotics when loaded into biomaterials, as previously reported for mesoporous nanocarriers loaded with artemisinin [ 103 ]. Further analysis in vivo could be considered to evaluate thrombosis and tissue interaction after a long time exposure to the materials.…”

SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica as Delivery Vehicle for rhBMP-2 Bone Morphogenic Protein for Dental Applications

“…Cells were then exposed to different concentrations of MSNs (dilutions 12.5, 60 and 125 μg/mL) for 1, 3 and 5 days of incubation, and experiments were performed in sextuplicate. Evaluation of mitochondrial activity and, thus, cell proliferation was performed and calculated as previously described with the MTT assay [ 27 ]. Briefly after the reduction of the yellow tetrazolium salt (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) to purple formazan crystals by metabolically active cells and the use of DMSO as solvent, optical density was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 545 nm and a reference filter of 630 nm using a microplate reader (Epoch, Biotek, Biotek instruments, Inc, Winooski, VT, USA).…”

“…The absorbance value of hemoglobin at 541 nm was measured with the reference wavelength of 700 nm. The percent of hemolysis was calculated as previously described [ 27 ].…”

“…SBA-15 materials have large and highly ordered pores and uniform tunable channels, which vary in diameter from 2 to 30 nm making them advantageous materials as carriers. This is their greatest advantage in protein delivery [ 23 , 25 , 26 ] compared with the smaller pore diameter of MCM-41 type mesoporous materials, which have been preferably utilized in drug delivery applications [ 27 ]. They can provide sustained and localized release of therapeutically relevant factors.…”

Effect of Silica Based Nanoparticles against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania infantum parasites

“…Mesoporous NPs in alkaline solution was used for the loading of 1 mM artemisinin after stirring (300 rpm) at room temperature for 1 day. The ART-mSbN were separated from the suspension by centrifugation at 5000× g for 15 min and was analyzed onto a UHPLC Kinetex EVO C18 1.7 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm column (Phenomenex, France) using UHPLC/HRMS system as previously described [14]. The following equation was used to calculate the loading capacity (LC) of artemisinin in NPs.…”