Effect of ash in paper sludge on enzymatic hydrolysis

Park, Hyeonji; Cruz, David González; Tiller, Phoenix; Johnson, David K.; Mittal, Ashutosh; Jameel, Hasan; Venditti, Richard A.; Park, Sunkyu

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106567

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In contrast, newspaper generally goes through a different pulping process (mechanical or chemical/mechanical) in which a lower-strength paper is produced [ 19 ]. Paper sludge is a byproduct, including solid waste from pulp and paper production [ 21 ], generating waste paper with diverse chemical compositions.…”

Section: Waste Paper: a Cellulose-rich Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Paper as a Valuable Resource: An Overview of Recent Trends in the Polymeric Composites Field

et al. 2023

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This review focuses on polymeric waste-paper composites, including state-of-the-art analysis with quantitative and qualitative discussions. Waste paper is a valuable cellulose-rich material, produced mainly from office paper, newspaper, and paper sludge, which can be recycled and returned to paper production or used in a new life cycle. A systematic literature review found 75 publications on this material over the last 27 years, with half of those published during the last five years. These data represent an increasing trend in the number of publications and citations that have shown an interest in this field. Most of them investigated the physicomechanical properties of composites using different contents of raw waste paper or the treated, modified, and cellulose-extracted types. The results show that polyethylene and polypropylene are the most used matrices, but polylactic acid, a biodegradable/sourced polymer, has the most citations. The scientific relevance of waste-paper composites as a subject includes the increasing trend of the number of publications and citations over the years, as well as the gaps identified by keyword mapping and the qualitative discussion of the papers. Therefore, biopolymers and biobased polymers could be investigated more, as well as novel applications. The environmental impact in terms of stability and degradation should also receive more attention regarding sustainability and life cycle analyses.

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Section: Waste Paper: a Cellulose-rich Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Paper as a Valuable Resource: An Overview of Recent Trends in the Polymeric Composites Field

et al. 2023

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“…After the paper sludge feedstock arrives at the biorefinery, it is fed into a hydrapulper to agitate the slurry to a 3% consistency . Since the high ash content in paper sludge can largely reduce the conversion rate in enzymatic hydrolysis, ash removal is essential. ,, A side-hill screen uses a 0.5 mm mesh to deash the pulp from the hydrapulper. The deashing process is simulated based on the results of the pilot-scale experiment conducted by the authors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deashed paper sludge is then sent to the enzymatic hydrolysis to convert cellulose and hemicellulose to monosaccharides. , Before enzymatic hydrolysis, the stream is conditioned by adding HCl at a load of 7.3 mg per g dry deashed sludge . Two different consistency cases for enzymatic hydrolysis, 20% and 30%, are explored in this study (see Section Scenario Analysis).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Derived from Paper Sludge

Lan,

Cruz,

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Converting waste paper sludge to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) offers a circular economy strategy to decarbonize the aviation sector. This study develops a life-cycle assessment (LCA) for converting high-ash paper sludge to SAF in the U.S. using a catalytic sugar upgrading system that consists of ash removal, enzymatic hydrolysis, dehydration, aldol condensation, and hydroprocessing. The LCA is coupled with a process simulation for an industrial-scale biorefinery based on experimental data. We quantified the carbon intensity as 35.7−41.8 gCO 2 eq MJ −1 SAF (−636 to −584 gCO 2 eq per dry kg paper sludge) with acetone as a solvent, renewable fuel, and biobased chemicals; this is further reduced to 5.1−11.1 gCO 2 eq MJ −1 (−925 to −873 gCO 2 eq per dry kg paper sludge) if ash is recycled and used for substituting cement. Converting 1 dry kg paper sludge to SAF with acetone, renewable fuel, and biobased chemicals (−925 to −584 gCO 2 eq) is more climate beneficial than landfilling without landfill gas recovery (791 gCO 2 eq) and with landfill gas recovery (−294 gCO 2 eq). More than 330 million gallons of SAF can be produced annually (>4 million dry t paper sludge/year in the U.S.), resulting in a reduction of 2−7 million tCO 2 eq.

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“…Overall, the WVTR remained quite low (below 180 g/m 2 •day) at low relative humidity (50%), but at severe humidity conditions (up to 90%), the water vapour transfer rate increased drastically, with an average extend of about 500% (Fig 5). As relative humidity increases, the saturation of water binding sites increases, and cause high swelling of cellulose.…”

Section: Fig 2 Ftir Spectra For Acetylated Samplesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The composition of sludge depends on the raw material, manufacturing process, chemicals and additives used, as well as on the nature of the end-product and the wastewater processing technologies employed [1]. Paper sludge include three type of sources: (i) de-inking sludge produced from the de-inking process of recovered fiber; (ii) primary sludge which consists mainly of fibers, fines, and inorganic materials; and (iii) secondary sludge also called biological sludge, which is the residue from biological treatments of wastewater [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of waste paper sludge as a sustainable source for packaging applications

Quintana,

Valls,

Roncero

2023

Preprint

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Paper sludge consists mainly of wet short cellulose fibers that are lost during papermaking and of residual chemicals used in the manufacturing process that remain dissolved in the water. Each ton of paper generates about 40–50 kg of dry sludge, of which 70% is primary sludge. Paper production, which exceeded 400 million tons globally in 2020, generates vast volumes of solid waste. Primary sludge is usually fiber-rich and hence suitable to be recycled back into the papermaking process. However, if the sludge is to be disposed of in landfills, sustainable practices must be developed in order to recover the fibers as they are valuable source for manufacturing high value added products. This study investigates the valorization of paper sludge discarded by a filter paper manufacturer, with the purpose of producing cellulose acetate films for food packaging. The process involves recovering cellulose fibers from the sludge, purifying them and through acetylation reaction produce cellulose acetate films. FTIR spectra confirmed successful acetylation of fibers and also that acetyl groups reduced the hydrophilicity of cellulose —the contact angle was increased to over 80° from 50° in native cellulose. The films exhibited very good water barrier properties at both 50% and 90% RH.

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Effect of ash in paper sludge on enzymatic hydrolysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Waste Paper as a Valuable Resource: An Overview of Recent Trends in the Polymeric Composites Field

Waste Paper as a Valuable Resource: An Overview of Recent Trends in the Polymeric Composites Field

Life-Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Derived from Paper Sludge

Valorization of waste paper sludge as a sustainable source for packaging applications

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