“…These peaks were scanned to obtain high-resolution core-level spectra of the different elements, as shown in Figure 7B-E. According to previous studies, 33,41,42,46 the XPS binding energies were at approximately 73.5 ± 0.3 eV for [AlO 4 ], 41,47 74.2 ± 0.3 eV for [AlO 6 ], 41,47 191.9 ± 0.3 eV for [BO 3 ], 33,42 192.6 ± 0.3 eV for [BO 4 ], 33,42 457.9 ± 0.3 eV for [TiO 4 ], 46,48 459 ± 0.3 eV for [TiO 6 ], 46,48 530.0 ± 0.3 eV for FO, 49 531.2 ± 0.3 eV for NBO, 33,42 and 532.2 ± 0.3 eV for BO. 33,42 Deconvolution of the O 1s, B 1s, Al 2p, and Ti 2p curves was used to fit Gauss-Lorentz curves based on the above-assigned bands to determine the peak positions of different structural sites.…”