Effect of Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum Bacteria and L-Alpha Proline Amino Acid on Iron Content in Soil and Triticum aestivum L. Plants in Sustainable Agriculture System

Abstract

Research was conducted in Poland in 2017–2019 at Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. It aimed at determining the effect of the bacteria Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, the amino acid L-alpha proline, and the mineral nitrogen fertiliser regime on iron content in soil during the period of rapid growth of spring wheat plants, as well as in spring wheat grain and straw. The following two factors were examined: (I) biological products: untreated control, Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, L-alpha proline, Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum + L-alpha proline; (II) mineral nitrogen fertiliser regime: nonfertilised control, 60 kg Nּha−1, 90 kg Nּha−1, 90 kg Nּha−1 + foliar fertilisation. The study demonstrated that, during the period of rapid spring wheat plant growth, Fe content was the highest in the soil following an application of Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum + L-alpha proline + mineral nitrogen fertiliser applied at the rate of 90 kg Nּha−1. This combination resulted in the highest concentration and uptake of iron by spring wheat grain, whereas for straw, the same result was also achieved following mineral nitrogen fertiliser at a rate of 90 kg Nּha−1 + foliar fertilisation.

The possible use of scarce soluble materials as a source of phosphorus in Vicia faba L. grown in calcareous soils

“…EDTA may solubilize the insoluble P forms in calcareous soils by chelating Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ cations, lowering soil pH and/ or the partial occupation of active anionic groups on the surface of CaCO 3 and clay minerals (Hamed & Gamal, 2014). It appears that the presence of bacteria played a protective role against P-fixation (Abd-Elrahman, 2016; Płaza et al, 2021).…”

“…Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum produced acids that enhanced the availability of phosphates and increased the uptake of other nutrients, leading to increased yields (Cakmakci et al, 1999;Saxena et al, 2020;Płaza et al, 2021).…”

“…The interac- , fresh mass of pods plant -1 and fresh mass of faba bean seeds plant -1 cultivated on El-Nubaria calcareous soil as affected by the different P sources, in the presence or absence of P-dissolving bacteria tion among the studied treatments gave better results, especially between chelating agents and organic compounds. In addition, the P dissolving bacteria produce organic and inorganic acids that mobilize P and other nutrients and encourage plant growth, as well as releasing phosphatase enzymes to mineralize organic P (Illmer et al, 1995;Cakmakci et al, 1999;Amalraj et al, 2012;Płaza et al, 2021).…”

“…These cells can produce amino acids, vitamins, indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acids, antibiotics, siderophore, as well as organic and inorganic acids that mobilize P and other nutrients and encourage the plant growth (Cakmakci et al, 1999;Amalraj et al, 2012). In addition, for the mineralization of organic P compounds, it could be due to the release of phosphatase enzymes (Illmer et al, 1995;Płaza et al, 2021).…”