Effect of Baduanjin exercise on the cognitive function of middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang, Xiaoqian; Wu, Jiawei; Ye, Mingzhu; Wang, Lecong; Zheng, Guohua

doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102727

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A growing body of observational data and experimental evidence reveal that PA can significantly influence a wide range of cognitive functions (58,119,(236)(237)(238)(239)). For example, in a prospective cohort study, walking has been shown to reduce the risk of dementia in a dose-dependent fashion, with a 1.8-fold increased risk for those who walked less than 0.25 miles per day as compared with > 2 miles per day, controlling for other possible risk factors (240).…”

Section: Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, resistance training is associated with improvements in reasoning and executive function. Tai Chi has shown benefits on attention and processing speed, and Baduanjin (movement exercise) improved general memory and its sub-domains (i.e., immediate memory and delayed memory), executive function, and processing speed (237,245,246). In the SMART study (120), high-intensity resistance training for 6 months improved global and cognitive function in older adults with MCI compared to sham exercise (calisthenics).…”

Section: Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines

Izquierdo

Merchant

Morley

et al. 2021

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

597

377

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The human ageing process is universal, ubiquitous and inevitable. Every physiological function is being continuously diminished. There is a range between two distinct phenotypes of ageing, shaped by patterns of living - experiences and behaviours, and in particular by the presence or absence of physical activity (PA) and structured exercise (i.e., a sedentary lifestyle). Ageing and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with declines in muscle function and cardiorespiratory fitness, resulting in an impaired capacity to perform daily activities and maintain independent functioning. However, in the presence of adequate exercise/PA these changes in muscular and aerobic capacity with age are substantially attenuated. Additionally, both structured exercise and overall PA play important roles as preventive strategies for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, and obesity; improvement of mobility, mental health, and quality of life; and reduction in mortality, among other benefits. Notably, exercise intervention programmes improve the hallmarks of frailty (low body mass, strength, mobility, PA level, energy) and cognition, thus optimising functional capacity during ageing. In these pathological conditions exercise is used as a therapeutic agent and follows the precepts of identifying the cause of a disease and then using an agent in an evidence-based dose to eliminate or moderate the disease. Prescription of PA/structured exercise should therefore be based on the intended outcome (e.g., primary prevention, improvement in fitness or functional status or disease treatment), and individualised, adjusted and controlled like any other medical treatment. In addition, in line with other therapeutic agents, exercise shows a dose-response effect and can be individualised using different modalities, volumes and/or intensities as appropriate to the health state or medical condition. Importantly, exercise therapy is often directed at several physiological systems simultaneously, rather than targeted to a single outcome as is generally the case with pharmacological approaches to disease management. There are diseases for which exercise is an alternative to pharmacological treatment (such as depression), thus contributing to the goal of deprescribing of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMS). There are other conditions where no effective drug therapy is currently available (such as sarcopenia or dementia), where it may serve a primary role in prevention and treatment. Therefore, this consensus statement provides an evidence-based rationale for using exercise and PA for health promotion and disease prevention and treatment in older adults. Exercise prescription is discussed in terms of the specific modalities and doses that have been studied in randomised controlled trials for their effectiveness in attenuating physiological changes of ageing, disease prevention, and/or improvement of older adults with chronic disease and disability. Recommendations are proposed to bridge gaps in the current literature and to optimise the use of exercise/PA both as a preventative medicine and as a therapeutic agent.

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Section: Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines

Izquierdo

Merchant

Morley

et al. 2021

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

597

377

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Baduanjin exercise emphasises mind-body integration to improve both physical and mental health, so it is recommended for older persons in China [ 18 , 19 ]. Studies indicate that Baduanjin has positive physiological and psychological effects for older adults with/without chronic disease, for example, improving cognitive function for older adults with or without cognitive impairment [ 20 ], alleviating cancer-related fatigue in cancer patients [ 21 ], and alleviating musculoskeletal pain in older people with chronic low back pain [ 22 ]. A recent preliminary study assessing the feasibility and efficacy of Baduanjin for prefrail/frail community-based older adults found that Baduanjin training was safe and feasible for prefrail/frail older adults with the potential to improve physical and cognitive function, reduce fall risk, improve psychological well-being, and reverse frailty status [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baduanjin exercise for balance function in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty: a randomized controlled trial protocol

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Balance function provides a physiological link between the physical and cognitive function, and is a potential predictor for cognitive frailty. As a gentle mind–body exercise, Baduanjin can develop flexibility and co-ordination, thus would be is helpful for the improvement of balance function. This trial will evaluate the effect of Baduanjin on balance function in older adults with CF. Methods/design A total of 72 community-dwelling older adults with CF will be recruited and randomly allocated (1:1) into the Baduanjin exercise group or usual physical activity control group. All participants will undergo a health education program on nutrition and diet-related knowledge for 6 sessions (30 min per session) during the intervention period. Moreover, participants in the Baduanjin exercise group will receive a 24-week Baduanjin training course of 60 min per session and 3 sessions per week, while those in the usual physical activity control group will be required to maintain their original physical activity. Primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline and after the 24-week intervention period. A mixed linear model will be constructed to analyse the intervention effects. Discussion This protocol presents an objective design of a randomized, single-blind trial that will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese mind–body exercise Baduanjin training on the balance ability of community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty. If the results are as expected, this trial will provide evidence of the effect of Baduanjin exercise on balance in an older community-based population. Trial registration This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with code ChiCTR2100050857 and was approved on 5 September 2021.

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“…The effect is achieved by adjusting the breath, mind and body, that is, by adjusting the posture, breathing and mind, to achieve a balance of Yin and Yang, harmonize the Qi and blood, unblock the meridians, and harmonize the functions of the internal organs ( Duan, 2009 ). Studies have shown that TC and aerobic exercise may have similar neurological patterns ( Wei et al, 2013 ), causing changes in regional structure, and that long-term practice of TC and Bdj has better cognitive function ( Chen et al, 2020 ; X. Wang, Wu, Ye, Wang, & Zheng, 2021 ). In addition, TC and Bdj are effective in improving gait balance and stability ( Ge et al, 2021 ), preventing falls in the elderly ( Dong et al., 2021 ; Huang et al, 2017 ), and is better tailored ( Li et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Tai Chi and Baduanjin Activities on Physical Interventions With Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Tang

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of Tai Chi (TC) and Baduanjin (Bdj) activities on the physical intervention of compulsory segregation drug addicts through a meta-analysis system. Methods: Six commonly used databases were searched by computer to collect publicly available studies on the physical interventions of TC and Bdj activities for drug addicts from the time of database construction to May 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, jointly extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the literature, and conducted Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: A total of 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 15 publications were included. Meta-analysis indicate that compared with the control group, TC and Bdj had significant effects on blood pressure, lung capacity, heart rate, closed-eye single-leg stand, and seated forward bending in drug addicts, as evidenced by: systolic pressure MD=−4.66, 95%CI = [−7.94, −1.39], p = .005; diastolic pressure MD = −3.49, 95%CI=[−5.45, −1.52], p = .0005; spirometry MD = 12.68, 95%CI = [43.83, 197.52], p = .002; heart rate MD = −2.78, 95%CI = [4.76, −.8], p = .006; MD = 1.47, 95%CI = [6.1, 14.84], p < .00,001 for one-leg stand with eyes closed, MD = 3.08, 95%CI = [1.8, 4.36], p < .00,001 for seated forward bend; however, the effect of TC and Bdj on BMI MD = .01, 95%CI = [−.54, .56], p = .97; grip strength MD = .68, 95%CI = [−.99, 2.34], p = .43; body fat percentage MD = .04, 95%CI = [−.59,.67], p = .91 had no effect. Conclusions: Tai Chi and Bdj can improve the cardiovascular system, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance, and body flexibility of drug addicts better than conventional rehabilitation.

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Effect of Baduanjin exercise on the cognitive function of middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines

International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines

Baduanjin exercise for balance function in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty: a randomized controlled trial protocol

The Effects of Tai Chi and Baduanjin Activities on Physical Interventions With Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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