Effect of Bauhinia monandra Kurz Leaf Preparations on Embryonic Stages and Adult Snails of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818), Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae and Toxicity in Artemia salina

Abstract

Biomphalaria glabrata snails constitute the main vector of schistosomiasis in Brazil, and Bauhinia monandra Kurz, the leaves of which contain BmoLL lectin with biocidal action, is a plant widely found on continents in which the disease is endemic. This work describes the composition of B. monandra preparations and the effect on embryos and adult snails, their reproduction parameters and hemocytes. We also describe the results of a comet assay after B. glabrata exposure to sublethal concentrations of the preparations. Additionally, the effects of the preparations on S. mansoni cercariae and environmental monitoring with Artemia salina are described. In the chemical evaluation, cinnamic, flavonoid and saponin derivatives were detected in the two preparations assessed, namely the saline extract and the fraction. Both preparations were toxic to embryos in the blastula, gastrula, trochophore, veliger and hippo stages (LC50 of 0.042 and 0.0478; 0.0417 and 0.0419; 0.0897 and 0.1582; 0.3734 and 0.0974; 0.397 and 0.0970 mg/mL, respectively) and to adult snails (LC50 of 6.6 and 0.87 mg/mL, respectively), which were reproductively affected with decreased egg deposition. In blood cell analysis, characteristic cells for apoptosis, micronucleus and binucleation were detected, while for comet analysis, different degrees of nuclear damage were detected. The fraction was able to cause total mortality of the cercariae and did not present environmental toxicity. Therefore, B. monandra preparations are promising in combating schistosomiasis since they can control both the intermediate host and eliminate the infectious agent, besides being safe to the environment.

Molluscicidal and Cercaricidal Effects of Myrciaria floribunda Essential Oil Nanoemulsion

“…This phenomenon probably occurred because the juvenile organism was not fully developed and was more susceptible to the effects of the nanoemulsion and essential oil components [15]. Several studies for the control of mollusks, especially B. glabrata and the parasite S. mansoni, have been conducted with products derived from plant origin, generating important information and showing the potential of plants as a source of bioactive metabolites to support the combat of schistosomiasis [5,7,29,[39][40][41][42][43]. However, few studies have approached the formulation of these novel natural products for the functional control of aquatic mollusks since the common limitation in these studies is the physicochemical properties of substances, which are often volatile or insoluble in aqueous media and generally require the use of organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to enable biological testing [29].…”