Effect of Bile Salt on Permeation Characteristics of the Oral Mucosal Dosage Form of Diltiazem Hydrochloride

Patel, Hitesh; Patel, Grishma; Patel, R B; Patel, R P; Patel, MM; Rao, V.S.N Malleswara

doi:10.4314/epj.v25i1.35112

Cited by 2 publications

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“…If the active is not soluble, it can lead to inaccuracy of dosing through a lack of dose uniformity and reproducibility. This is a major consideration when no suspending agents are used, especially when the person administering the dose is inexperienced and the dose is small, 31 Milk has been explored as a vehicle in liquid formulations showing potential for solubilizing drugs while maintaining the stability of the emulsified vehicle. 32 5.…”

Section: Use Of a `Special' Manufactured In A Mhramentioning

confidence: 99%

Extemporaneous compounding: Cautions, controversies and convenience

Mohiuddin¹

2020

IJCAAP

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Pharmacists are only knowledgeable and skilled healthcare professionals dedicated to compounding and preparing medications to meet the unique needs of patients. The safe and effective extemporaneous compounding of prescription products for patients require in special care is fundamental to the pharmacy profession. But there are much to do for secundum artem. It is not at all economical for a pharmaceutical company to marketize a product in 10 different probable doses or in 5 different dosage forms to meet the needs of the entire range of individuals receiving therapy. Although development is a continuous process, companies are customizing features to meet the majority of patient needs, but the very nature of the process cannot meet all patient needs. The risk-benefit ratio of using traditionally compounded medicines is favorable for patients who require specialized medications that are not commercially available, as they would otherwise not have access to suitable treatment. However, if an FDA-approved drug is commercially available, the use of an unapproved compounded drug confers additional risk with no commensurate benefit. Published reports of independent testing by the FDA, state agencies, and others consistently show that compounded drugs fail to meet specifications at a considerably higher rate than FDA-approved drugs. Compounded sterile preparations pose the additional risk of microbial contamination to patients. In the last 11 years, three separate meningitis outbreaks have been traced to purportedly 'sterile' steroid injections contaminated with fungus or bacteria, which were made by compounding pharmacies. The 2012 outbreak has resulted in intense scrutiny of pharmacy compounding practices and increased recognition of the need to ensure that compounding is limited to appropriate circumstances. Purpose of The Study:The article intends to physico-chemical and economic contemplations previously compounding; elements and quality control issues; compounding support, preparing, chemical supplies, kinds of compounding (exceptionally in hospital and walking care compounding). It should help to rehearse the unpremeditated readiness of fundamental and propelled definitions including pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial plans experienced in drug store practice, together with essential documentation, marking, bundling and directing prerequisites. Alongside this, they need to contemplate the investigation of definitions and their segments and relate these to the clinical execution of medicines. This will assist them with investigating, assess and report the physical attributes of details including discharge energy and relate these to quality control and pre-formulation prerequisites; relate the utilization of quality control, quality confirmation and the standards of good assembling practice to direction of medicine creation in home and abroad. Outline: Background; Introduction; Compounding Factors; Types of Compounding; Identifying Errors and Cause.

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Section: Use Of a `Special' Manufactured In A Mhramentioning

confidence: 99%

Extemporaneous compounding: Cautions, controversies and convenience

Mohiuddin¹

2020

IJCAAP

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“…The literature review suggested that essential oils and vegetable oils are most widely used as permeation enhancers because they are non-toxic, less allergic, easily available, and compatible with drugs and excipients. Natural oils for a greater period used in cosmetics, and medicine so safe to use, and then metabolized in the body also showed higher permeability because they contain unsaturated fatty acids which alleviates the lipid and protein structure of stratum corneum and increases penetration of drug through the skin 7 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Untitled

2023

IJPSR

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This investigation aimed to formulate, optimize and evaluate the matrix-type transdermal patch of norfloxacin for antibacterial activity by incorporating different polymer concentrations and penetration enhancers. Methods: Nine formulations were prepared by a solvent evaporation method using ethyl cellulose dibutyl phthalate, tea tree oil, and tulsi oil at concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%) as penetration enhancers. Characterization done FTIR, DSC, SEM, skin permeation study and antibacterial activity. The patch has uniform weight and low moisture content based on physicochemical evaluation and in vitro characterization. The FTIR shows no or very minor changes in main drug peaks in the IR spectra of a mixture of drug and pure drug. SEM shows smooth surface and uniform drug distribution. In skin permeation study, a combination of tea tree oil and tulsi oil showeaug two-fold increase in drug relea, indicatinged Higuchi release kinetics. Result: 2-fold increase in permeation of transdermal patch as compared to pure drug. Conclusion: Norfloxacin could be delivered through the transdermal patches by incorporating natural permeation enhancers and combining hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers. INTRODUCTION: Norfloxacin (1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1-ylquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) is synthetic first generation broad spectrum antibacterial agent of fluoroquinolone class. It acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase, type II topoisomerase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division.

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Effect of Bile Salt on Permeation Characteristics of the Oral Mucosal Dosage Form of Diltiazem Hydrochloride

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Extemporaneous compounding: Cautions, controversies and convenience

Extemporaneous compounding: Cautions, controversies and convenience

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