Effect of biocontrol agent, plant extracts and safe chemicals in suppression ofMungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus(MYMV) in black gram (Vigna mungo)

Abstract

Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf1), plant extract and bioactive compound treatments on induction of peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and accumulation of phenolics in black gram to suppress the natural incidence of Mung bean yellow mosaic bigeminivirus (MYMV) was studied. Leaf extracts of Mirabilis jalapa, Datura metel and neem (Azadirachta indica) oil provided reduced incidence of MYMV with increased yield in black gram under field conditions. The bio-compatible products actigard 1 (acibenzolar-S-methyl), disodium hydrogen phosphate and alum (aluminium potassium sulphate) also suppressed MYMV on black gram and increased yield compared with nontreated plants under field conditions. The mean disease incidence of the two field trial shows that the foliar spray of P. fluorescens and M. jalapa recorded the lowest disease incidence of 39.14 and 41.48% with yields of 718 and 716.5 kg per hectare, respectively. Induction of systemic resistance as evident from the increased accumulation of pathogenesis related (PR) proteins and other defense related compounds was observed in black gram plants following application of Pf1, plant extracts and bioactive compounds after incidence of MYMV during 30 and 45 days after planting. Black gram with these treatments exhibited a significant increase in activities of enzymes PAL, PO, PPO along with rapid and distinct accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds than the control plants. These results suggest that the enhanced activities of defense enzymes and elevated content of phenolics may contribute to the protection of black gram against MYMV. Further, the inverse correlation of reduced MYMV disease incidence with significantly high chlorophyll content and total sugar contents in Pf1, plant extract and bioactive compounds treated plants also suggest the potential of these treatments to use for managing MYMV in the field.

The impact of insecticides and plant extracts on the suppression of insect vector (Bemisia tabaci) of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV)

“…Ltd. and plant extracts were prepared in the laboratory. The plant extracts were prepared by following the method of Venkatesan et al [ 24 ]. The mature leaves (1000 g each) neem ( Azadirachta indica ) and Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus camaldulensis ) were homogenized independently in pre-chilled mortar and pestle and through applying chilled sterilized distilled water.…”

Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Mediated by Mentha Spicata Extract Induce Plant Systemic Resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus

“…Conversely, the POD of T2 plants was down-regulated with a relative expression level of 0.672-fold change lower than control (Figure 7). It was observed that the induction of POD resulted in an increase of chlorophyll content and enhanced plant resistance against mungbean yellow mosaic virus and TMV [81,82]. In addition, foliar application of Ag NPs exhibited an improvement in releasing ROS and increasing antioxidant enzymes in virally infected plant tissues [36,37].…”

First Report of Protective Activity of Paronychia argentea Extract against Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection

“…The potential of plant extracts to induce systemic resistance and inhibit viral replication could be due to their high content of flavonoids and phenolic acids, and it might explain their antioxidant activity and antimicrobial efficacy [8]. Additionally, it was reported that the application of plant extracts was associated with the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) upon viral infection [15]. However, this field is still insufficiently explored, necessitating more data to comprehensively understand the different mechanisms by which these plant extracts act as antiviral agents.…”