Effect of biological treatment on halogenated organics in bleached kraft pulp mill effluents studied by molecular weight distribution analysis

Jokela, Jouni; Lainé, Muriel; Ek, Mats; Salkinoja‐Salonen, Mirja

doi:10.1021/es00040a014

Cited by 56 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Results in Table 1 and similar findings reported elsewhere (4), show that the percentage of AOX removal during biopurification of wastewater was around 50%. The removal efficiency was similar, about 50%, for both the carbon and the halogen.…”

Section: Biodegradation and Human Exposure To Chlorobleaching Organicsupporting

confidence: 89%

Organic halogens in the environment: studies of environmental biodegradability and human exposure.

Salkinoja‐Salonen

Uotila

Jokela

et al. 1995

Environ Health Perspect

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Organic halogens from chlorobleaching of kraft pulp were not as biorecalcitrant as has been assumed. Fifty percent were removed during biotreatment of wastewater, and 50% of the remaining organohalogens faded in fresh water ecosystems in 200 to 400 days. Molecular size seemed not to hinder biodegradation up to sizes of approximately 2000 daltons. Anoxic biodegradation was of prime importance for halomineralization of pulp bleaching organohalogens but could also lead to toxic metabolites such as vinyl chloride from tri- and tetrachloroethene in anoxic soil. Indigenous soil microbes were unable to clean old organohalogen pollution but had converted chlorophenols into polymeric substances, chlorohumus, which were found bioaccumulable by earthworms in spite of the large (up to 5000 g/mole) molecular sizes. Because of the danger of formation of toxic metabolites, the biochemistry of the xenobiotic degradation must be elucidated before active bioremediation is practiced on polluted soil or water. Groundwater pollution by chlorophenols led to increased disease among the exposed population in one well-studied case. Two further cases of potential environmental health impact are described.

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Section: Biodegradation and Human Exposure To Chlorobleaching Organicsupporting

confidence: 89%

Organic halogens in the environment: studies of environmental biodegradability and human exposure.

Salkinoja‐Salonen

Uotila

Jokela

et al. 1995

Environ Health Perspect

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“…As discussed earlier, it is widely reported that the residual recalcitrant organic matter is composed predominantly by high molecular weight components, which are not metabolized due to its size. However, the contributions of high and low molecular weight fractions in bio-treated effluents are dissimilar [36]. In the LMW fraction, a large-scale removal of the chlorinated phenolic compounds, chlorinated resin acids and sterols occurs.…”

Section: Aerobic Treatability Of the Different Effluent Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulp Mill Wastewater: Characteristics and Treatment

Cabrera¹

2017

Biological Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery

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The production of chemical pulp in recent times is 180 million tons per year; while the production of eucalyptus pulp has increased intensively, especially in the southern hemisphere. The pulp and paper industry has long been considered a large consumer of natural resources (wood and water) and one of the largest sources of pollution to the environment (air, water courses and soil). Important efforts are being made to reduce the pollutant levels and water consumption of the industry. The wastewater composition, and therefore, the efficiency of effluent treatments and characteristics of the discharges to water are strongly dependent on the applied technology and raw materials. Despite a large body of literature on softwood-based wastewater, few studies have examined the characteristics of kraft eucalyptus bleaching effluents and their behaviour in the different biological treatments. The largest secondary treatment systems today use the activated sludge process. Sixty to seventy-five per cent of all the biological effluent treatment plants within the pulp and paper industry use this kind of treatment system. This chapter reviews the current pulping technologies at mills and compares the chemical composition and biological treatment of wastewater between softwood and hardwood bleached pulps.

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“…Although in most cases the toxicity is low, effluents from pulp bleaching are characterized by high strength of COD (1000 to 7000 mg L -1 ), low biodegradability ratio (BOD5/ COD) ranging from 0.02 to 0.07, and a moderate strength of suspended solids (500 to 2000 mg L -1 ) Eskelinen et al 2012). Compounds, especially those containing chlorine (measured by the parameter AOX) are recalcitrant because they contain chemical structures uncommon in nature, such as the carbon-chlorine bond (Jokela et al 1993;Mounteer et al 2007a). It is widely reported that high molecular weight (HMW > 1 kDa) organic matter in bleaching effluents is more recalcitrant to biological treatment than low molecular weight (LMW < 1 kDa) organic matter (Dahlman et al 1995;Savant et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Hubbe

Metts

Hermosilla

et al. 2016

BioRes

194

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The pulp and paper (P&P) industry worldwide has achieved substantial progress in treating both process water and wastewater, thus limiting the discharge of pollutants to receiving waters. This review covers a variety of wastewater treatment methods, which provide P&P companies with costeffective ways to limit the release of biological or chemical oxygen demand, toxicity, solids, color, and other indicators of pollutant load. Conventional wastewater treatment systems, often comprising primary clarification followed by activated sludge processes, have been widely implemented in the P&P industry. Higher levels of pollutant removal can be achieved by supplementary treatments, which can include anaerobic biological stages, advanced oxidation processes, bioreactors, and membrane filtration technologies. Improvements in the performance of wastewater treatment operations often can be achieved by effective measurement technologies and by strategic addition of agents including coagulants, flocculants, filter aids, and optimized fungal or bacterial cultures. In addition, P&P mills can implement upstream process changes, including dissolved-air-flotation (DAF) systems, filtration save-alls, and kidney-like operations to purify process waters, thus reducing the load of pollutants and the volume of effluent being discharged to end-of-pipe wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: Wastewater treatment; Pulp and paper manufacturing; Advanced oxidation; Membrane technologies; Clarification; Activated sludgeContact information: a: North Carolina State University, Dept. of Forest Biomaterials, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 29695-8005; b: WestRock Company, Water and Waste Treatment, 600 S 8th St, Fernandina Beach, FL 32034; c: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, E-42004 Soria, Spain; d: Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ingn. Quim, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n,S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; e: Concordia University, Dept. Bldg. Civil & Environm. Engn., 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd, West Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada; f: University of Jyväskylä, Dept. Chem., Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; g: Department of Biology, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; h: Department of Environment and Planning, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Aveiro & Department of Materials and Ceramics, Institute of Materials, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; i: FPInnovations, 570 St. Jean Blvd., Pointe Claire, PQ H9R 3J9, Canada; * Corresponding author: hubbe@ncsu.edu Contents of the Article INTRODUCTIONThe pulp and paper (P&P) industry occupies a challenging position with respect to the natural environment. On the positive side, the industry is based on the usage of renewable, photosynthetic resources. On the other hand, the industry discharges huge quantities of aqueous effluents. Large volumes (up to 70 m 3 ) of wastewater ...

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Effect of biological treatment on halogenated organics in bleached kraft pulp mill effluents studied by molecular weight distribution analysis

Cited by 56 publications

References 11 publications

Organic halogens in the environment: studies of environmental biodegradability and human exposure.

Organic halogens in the environment: studies of environmental biodegradability and human exposure.

Pulp Mill Wastewater: Characteristics and Treatment

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

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