Effect of bite openings and mandibular protrusion on genioglossus muscle activity in healthy adults with oral appliance

Long, Jianlan; Ogawa, Takumi; Ito, Toshimi; Matsuda, Michikazu; Li, Wei; Yu, Haiyang; Sasaki, Keiichi

doi:10.1007/s10266-017-0299-0

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The design of the MAD has a major influence on its success rate on the patient [12], and the design features have an influence on efficacy, tolerance, and compliance [13, 14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antero-posterior mandibular position at different vertical levels for mandibular advancing device design

et al. 2019

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Introduction Mandibular Advancement Devices (MAD) have been reported to be an alternative treatment to CPAP in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) cases. The design of MAD has a major influence on its success rate on the patient, and design features that have an influence on efficacy, tolerance, and compliance. The aim of this study was to determine the range of mandibular protrusion at different vertical points; 2, 5, 8 and 11 mm in a young adult population. Methods Fifty two students aged 19 to 23 years (mean 21.3 ± 1.7; 29 females and 23 males), with full permanent dentition participated in the study. The absolute range of maximal mandibular protrusion and retrusion was measured (mm) with the use of the George Gauge. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and paired t-test using SPSS were used. Results Range of mandibular advancement was possible to be determined for the 4 levels of vertical opening with the gauges: 2 mm fork mean mandibular advance 13,10 mm ± 0.604; 5 mm mean 11.98 mm ± 1.075; 8 mm mean 11.20 mm ± 1.369; 11 mm mean 9.87 mm ± 1.886. No significant differences were found between class I, II, and III. Conclusions There is an impact of increased inter-incisal distance of effective mandibular protrusion when constructing a MAD. As vertical dimension increases the mandible rotates posteriorly and places itself in a more retrusive location, and the range of mandibular advancement reduces (0.3 mm for every 1 mm of vertical increase).

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“…The design of the MAD has a major influence on its success rate on the patient [12], and the design features have an influence on efficacy, tolerance, and compliance [13, 14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antero-posterior mandibular position at different vertical levels for mandibular advancing device design

et al. 2019

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“…Previous studies reported that OSAS is more effectively treated with an increased BO; however, a minimal BO is more comfortable for the subject [6, 22]. Long et al [13] reported that an increase in BO of 2–12 mm and even maximum mandibular protrusion may not negatively affect the temporomandibular joint. Therefore, in addition to mandibular protrusion, considering adjustment of the BO in OAs might minimize discomfort in patients with OSAS who are using OAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The position of the GG was confirmed as previously described to enable the monitoring of GG activity during respiration [13]. In this study, because we assumed that respiratory-related GG muscle activity is symmetric in normal subjects, we recorded only left GG muscle activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Subjects were considered to be in stage 2 when there was the appearance of a sleep spindle. Inspiration and exhalation were distinguished using pneumographic data [13].

Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physiological evidence suggests optimized treatment outcome when the bite opening (BO) is minimized [7]. A recent study investigating the relationship between GG activity and BO found that awake healthy subjects had significantly increased GG activity when the BO was 12 mm compared with 4 mm [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of mandibular position achieved using an oral appliance on genioglossus activity in healthy adults during sleep

et al. 2019

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BackgroundOral appliances (OAs) are generally designed to displace the mandible anteriorly and downward, to increase the airway patency. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between genioglossus (GG) muscle activity and mandibular position, considering both anterior and vertical displacements during sleep.MethodsSeven healthy male adults aged 29.4 ± 1.99 years were evaluated. Maxillary and mandibular OAs were fabricated from 2-mm-thick resin plates with pressure-welding. The activity of the left GG was recorded using two silver ball electrodes attached to the lingual edge of the mandibular OA. Respiratory status and right masseter muscle activity were measured by an airflow sensor and surface electrodes, respectively. Electroencephalography was used to determine the sleep status. Stage 2 (the second stage of sleep) was defined as the state of sleeping. Four test conditions with different mandibular positions (0 and 50% anterior protrusion) and bite openings (4 mm and 12 mm) were examined.ResultsGG activity in SL4A (4 mm bite opening, 50% protrusion during sleep) and SL12 (12 mm bite opening, 0% protrusion during sleep) were significantly higher than that in SL4 (4 mm bite opening, 0% protrusion during sleep). Respiratory volume did not significantly differ between all test conditions.ConclusionGG activity is influenced not only by anterior protrusion of the mandible but also by vertical displacement during sleep. Thus, when determining the effectiveness of intraoral appliances in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, both protrusion and the size of the mandibular opening should be evaluated and taken into account.

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Difference in the Electromyographic Behavior of the Masticatory and Swallowing Muscles During Cued Versus Spontaneous Swallowing

Saito,

Ogawa,

Shiraishi

et al. 2023

Dysphagia

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The risk of dysphagia and/or aspiration is determined using screening tests, such as the repeated saliva swallowing test and modified water swallowing test, which evaluate cued swallowing. However, humans masticate and swallow foods with various consistencies, forms, and amounts, without conscious awareness. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the difference in the behavior of masticatory and swallowing muscles during spontaneous versus cued swallowing through a series of mastication and swallowing processes by evaluating surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals. The effect of the consistency and amount of food on the behavior of these muscles was also investigated. The sEMG recordings of the masseter muscles and anterior belly of the digastric muscle for 12 subjects, and genioglossus muscle for 5 subjects were obtained. The genioglossus activity was recorded using custom-made ball electrodes. The test foods were cookies and tofu, in amounts of 2 g and 4 g. The normalized muscle activity (integrated EMG), duration of the muscle activity, initial activation timepoint of each muscle, and total duration of swallowing were compared among four conditions. The activity of each muscle was significantly higher during the swallowing of cookies than tofu, for 4 g vs 2 g, and for cued versus spontaneous swallowing. The duration of each muscle activity, initial activation timepoint, and total duration of swallowing were significantly longer for cookies versus tofu, for 4 g vs 2 g, and for spontaneous versus cued swallowing. These results suggest that the behavior of the masticatory and swallowing muscles is affected by cued swallowing and by the consistency and amount of food.

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Effect of bite openings and mandibular protrusion on genioglossus muscle activity in healthy adults with oral appliance

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Antero-posterior mandibular position at different vertical levels for mandibular advancing device design

Antero-posterior mandibular position at different vertical levels for mandibular advancing device design

Effect of mandibular position achieved using an oral appliance on genioglossus activity in healthy adults during sleep

Difference in the Electromyographic Behavior of the Masticatory and Swallowing Muscles During Cued Versus Spontaneous Swallowing

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