“…On the other hand, the presence of W, Ti and Ta in the coatings could be harmful to the oxidation resistance of the coatings. It has been shown that voids formed beneath the TGO layer due to volatilization of WO 3 at high temperatures could weaken the oxide scale adherence [35,36]. About 6 and 4 wt.% Hf were detected in the TGO layers of coatings A and B, respectively, as a result of outward diffusion.…”