Effect of boron on the growth and mineral economy of some halophytes and non‐halophytes

Abstract

SUMMARYGrowth of halophytes in nutrient solutions with increasing boron concentrations was less reduced than that of some non-halophytes. Boron (B) concentrations occurring in sea water (0350 mol m"^ B) depressed growth of glycophytic plant spec.es strongly, while growth of halophytes did not significantly differ from that under control conditions (Hoagland's nutrient solution containing 0-025 mol m '' B).With increasing boron concentrations m the medium, the total boron concentrations m the shoot tissue increased up to 35 //mol B g ' d. wt (350 mg kg' B d. wt basis) in the non-halophytic species and were lower in most of the halophytic species examined. Sodium chloride (200 mol m"^) m the culture medium depressed the total B content of the shoot in the halophytic species. In most halophytic species, the water-insoluble B fraction in the shoot and root tissue was higher than in the non-halophyt.c spec.es tested with the exception of Phaseolus vulgaris When the plants were grown in culture solution containing 200 mol m^^ NaCl, the ratio of insoluble: total B m shoot and root tissue increased. The resistance of halophytes to excess B and the possible detoxification of excess borate by complexat.on, either with n.-diol groups of carboxyl groups in the cell walls or with dissolved compounds such as sorbitol m the halophytic Plantago maritima is discussed. The mechanism by which B tolerance in the halophytes might be accomplished is also discussed.

Interactive Effect of Boron and Salinity on Growth, Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

“…The significant decrease in B concentration at saline conditions might be due to either increased pH of soil by addition of NaCl or due to salinity induced stomatal resistance because B uptake is a passive process and influenced by transpiration rate and reduced uptake and translocation in plant (Eraslan et al, 2007). This can be regarded as mechanism of reducing the severity of B toxicity by decreasing B absorption in shoot and stem (Rozema et al, 1992;Grattan et al, 1997). However, accumulation of B differs with growth conditions and crop, e.g., maize and barley did not show interactive response of salt stress and B (Shani and Hanks, 1993) and another study showed that B uptake was increased in Zea mays L. (Bastías et al, 2004).…”

Plasticity, Not Adaptation to Salt Level, Explains Variation Along a Salinity Gradient in a Salt Marsh Perennial

“…The importance of B in the salt marsh system has been suggested since B concentration in sea water is 15 to 20 times higher than what is considered optimal for nonhalophytes (Rozema et al 1992). Rozema et al (1992) found that halophytes took up less B compared to nonhalophytes, growth in halophytes was not reduced at B concentrations found in sea water (0.35 mol m −3 ), and most species took up less Na with increased B. This study did not include B. frutescens but found a lot of variation between six halophyte species in response to B.…”

“…B is an essential nutrient for normal growth, but the role of B is not completely understood, and the difference between levels that are deficient and levels that are toxic in soils is relatively small for most plants (Rozema et al 1992;Camacho-Cristóbal et al 2008). The importance of B in the salt marsh system has been suggested since B concentration in sea water is 15 to 20 times higher than what is considered optimal for nonhalophytes (Rozema et al 1992). Rozema et al (1992) found that halophytes took up less B compared to nonhalophytes, growth in halophytes was not reduced at B concentrations found in sea water (0.35 mol m −3 ), and most species took up less Na with increased B.…”

Culture ofPlantagospecies as bioactive components resources: a 20-year review and recent applications

“…At the time of planting, the age of seeds was not specified most of the time (Harvey, 1989;Maathuis & Prins, 1990;Rozema et al, 1992;Forbes et al, 1996). Several authors indicated that the seeds had been harvested during the same year (Jefferies et al, 1979;Pons, 1991b;Horner & Bell, 1995;Saker & Kawashity, 1998) or in the previous two or three years (Gagnaire et al, 1975;Flanagan & Jefferies, 1989).…”

“…Typical nutritive solutions reported for Plantago are listed in Table III as Hoagland solution (Miao et al, 1991;Rozema et al, 1992;Hoagland & Snijder, 1993), Johnson Solution (Johnson et al, 1957Flanagan & Jefferies, 1989), Lewis and Powers solution (Lewis & Powers, 1941;Smakman & Hofstra, 1982), Steiner solution (Steiner, 1968;Lotz et al, 1990) and other nutrient solutions (Cooper & Etherington, 1974;Cooper, 1976).…”