Effect of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus infection on immune function in experimentally infected cattle

Abstract

Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) is a bovine lentivirus that has antigenic and genetic homology with the human immunodeficiency virus. Little work has been reported on the effect of BIV infection on bovine immune function. This study was designed to evaluate lymphocyte blastogenesis, mononuclear cell subset numbers, neutrophil function, hematology, and clinical signs in three groups of cattle. These groups were evaluated at 0-2 months post inoculation (PI, Group 1), 4-5 months PI (Group 2), or 19-27 months PI (Group 3). BIV infected animals were inoculated with the R-29 isolate of BIV in tissue culture cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a R-29 infected calf, or a molecular clone of the R-29 isolate. Most inoculated animals seroconverted to BIV by Western immunoblot. BIV was reisolated from most of the animals inoculated. BIV infection was associated with an increase in the lymphocyte blastogenic response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin in Groups 2 and 3. Neutrophil antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity and neutrophil iodination were decreased (P<0.05) in BIV infected cattle (Groups 2 and 3 and Group 3, respectively). All animals were clinically normal during the evaluation periods. Notable differences were not observed in the other assessments performed. Work with additional BIV isolates and over longer time frames is warranted. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 36 ( 1993)

Infection of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus and Bovine Leukemia Virus in Water Buffalo and Cattle Populations in Pakistan

“…Proviral DNA of BIV was also detected in bull semen [17], and the seroprevalence of BIV infection increases according to aging of animals in the same dairy herd, suggesting that BIV would be possibly transmitted through natural or artificial inseminations, and/or through blood instrument or blood sucking insects [22]. Moreover, pathogenesis of this virus still remains unclear although BIV infections can induce dysfunction of monocytes [18], neutrophils [6] and BIV proviral DNA was also detected in various organs from the cow naturally infected with BIV by nested-PCR systems targeting the pol region [13]. In conclusion, this study can provide additional information about contribution of BIV infection in various countries around the world.…”

Bovine immunodeficiency virus and analogies with human immunodeficiency virus

“…A Canadian group (Archamboult et al, 1993) confirmed the p26 occurrence in cattle, sheep, goats and rabbits, but they could not prove any BIV-induced immune response disturbance as follows infections with HIV. Flaming et al (1993) reported that BIV infections were associated with an increase in the lymphoblastic response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin and a decrease in the neutrophil antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and neutrophil iodination but nothing else and in 1995, Rovid et al concluded that antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was not observed. In the same year, Nash et al (1995) suggested that BIV might be transmitted via semen.…”

Clearance of a Productive Lentivirus Infection in Calves Experimentally Inoculated with Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus

“…Similarly, transfer of bovine immunodeficiency virus, which is innocuous in Bos taurus, to Bos javanicus resulted in a severe epidemic of lethal Jembrana disease (11,36). Even in cases where lentiviruses cause disease, many infected individuals remain infected but symptom free over their natural lifetime, with a continual production of infectious virus despite a vigorous immune response.…”