Effect of burning supplementary waste fuels on the pollutant emissions by cement plants: a statistical analysis of process data

Prisciandaro, Marina; Mazziotti, G.; Vegliò, F.

doi:10.1016/s0921-3449(02)00170-2

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Fuel NO x , however, can be controlled by the use of fuels low in nitrogen concentrations. The study conducted by Prisciandaro et al (2003) shows and increase in NO x emissions in Plant 1, and a decrease in NO x emission at Plant 2, as shown in Figure 3-7. Chipped tires were utilized to partially replace coal in the study conducted by Syverud (1994).…”

Section: Finally Prompt No X Refers To No That Is Formed In Excess Omentioning

confidence: 89%

Alternative Fuel for Portland Cement Processing

Schindler¹,

Duke²,

Burch³

et al. 2012

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The production of cement involves a combination of numerous raw materials, strictly monitored system processes, and temperatures on the order of 1500 °C. Immense quantities of fuel are required for the production of cement. Traditionally, energy from fossil fuels was solely relied upon for the production of cement. The overarching project objective is to evaluate the use of alternative fuels to lessen the dependence on non-renewable resources to produce portland cement. The key objective of using alternative fuels is to continue to produce high-quality cement while decreasing the use of non-renewable fuels and minimizing the impact on the environment.Burn characteristics and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated with a laboratory burn simulator under conditions that mimic those in the preheater where the fuels are brought into a cement plant. A drop-tube furnace and visualization method were developed that show potential for evaluating time-and space-resolved temperature distributions for fuel solid particles and liquid droplets undergoing combustion in various combustion atmospheres. Downdraft gasification has been explored as a means to extract chemical energy from poultry litter while limiting the throughput of potentially deleterious components with regards to use in firing a cement kiln. Results have shown that the clinkering is temperature independent, at least within the controllable temperature range. Limestone also had only a slight effect on the fusion when used to coat the pellets. However, limestone addition did display some promise in regards to chlorine capture, as ash analyses showed chlorine concentrations of more than four times greater in the limestone infused ash as compared to raw poultry litter.A reliable and convenient sampling procedure was developed to estimate the combustion quality of broiler litter that is the best compromise between convenience and reliability by means of statistical analysis.Multi-day trial burns were conducted at a full-scale cement plant with alternative fuels to examine their compatibility with the cement production process. Construction and demolition waste, woodchips, and soybean seeds were used as alternative fuels at a full-scale cement production facility. These fuels were co-fired with coal and waste plastics. The alternative fuels used in this trial accounted for 5 to 16 % of the total energy consumed during these burns. The overall performance of the portland cement produced during the various trial burns performed for practical purposes very similar to the cement produced during the control burn. The cement plant was successful in implementing alternative fuels to produce a consistent, high-quality product that increased cement performance while reducing the environmental footprint of the plant. The utilization of construction and demolition waste, woodchips and soybean seeds proved to be viable replacements for traditional fuels. The future use of these fuels depends on local availability, associated costs, and compatibility with a facility's p...

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Section: Finally Prompt No X Refers To No That Is Formed In Excess Omentioning

confidence: 89%

Alternative Fuel for Portland Cement Processing

Schindler¹,

Duke²,

Burch³

et al. 2012

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“…Initially, from the environmental point of view this solution is very interesting, and many residues can be used, such as tires (Prisciandaro, 2003;Carrasco et al, 2002), sewage sludge (Gálves et al, 2007), carpet (Lemieux et al, 2004), among many others. For example, European Union countries dispose approximately 600.000 tons of waste tires each year (Aiello et al, 2009).…”

Section: Persistent Organic Pollutants From Cement Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be pointed out that engineering aspects such as the kind of kiln, the way how chemicals are used, rate, oxygen levels, etc, may inhibit or minimize the formation of pollutants (Prisciandaro, 2003).…”

Section: Arh Cuclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Persistent Organic Pollutants from Cement Plants

Rodrigues¹

2012

Environmental Contamination

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“…Among the anthropogenic sources, the coal-fired utility boilers (Uddin et al, 2008;Granite et al, 2000), the combustion of municipal solid wastes (MSW) (Serre and Silcox, 2000;Jurng et al, 2002), and the cement production processes (Zheng et al, 2012a;Zheng et al, 2012b;Prisciandaro et al, 2003) are the main sources of mercury emissions. According to Pacyna et al (2006) and Takaoka et al (2011), mercury emissions in MSW incinerations range from 200 to 1000 μg Hg/N-m 3 , while they vary between 5 and 20 μg Hg/N-m 3 in coal combustion plants (Zheng et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of elemental mercury vapors from synthetic exhaust combustion gas onto HGR carbon

Musmarra

Karatza

Lancia

et al. 2016

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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An activated carbon commercially available named HGR, produced by Calgon-Carbon Group, was used to adsorbe metallic mercury. The work is part of a wider research activity by the same group focused on the removal of metallic and divalent mercury from combustion flue gas. With respect to previously published papers, this one is aimed at studying in depth thermodynamic equilibria of metallic mercury adsorption onto a commercial activated carbon. The innovativeness lies in the wider operative conditions explored (temperature and mercury concentrations) and in the evaluation of kinetic and thermodynamic data for a commercially available adsorbing material. In detail, experimental runs were carried out on a laboratory-scale plant, in which Hg°vapors were supplied in a nitrogen gas stream at different temperature and mercury concentration. The gas phase was flowed through a fixed bed of adsorbent material. Adsorbate loading curves for different Hg°concentrations together with adsorption isotherms were achieved as a function of temperature (120, 150, 200°C) and Hg°concentrations (1.0−7.0 mg/m 3 ). Experimental runs demonstrated satisfying results of the adsorption process, while Langmuir parameters were evaluated with gas-solid equilibrium data. Especially, they confirmed that adsorption capacity is a favored process in case of lower temperature and they showed that the adsorption heat was -20 kJ/mol. Furthermore, a numerical integration of differential equations that model the adsorption process was proposed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation was an useful tool to investigate about fresh and saturated carbon areas. The comparison between them allowed identification of surface sites where mercury is adsorbed; these spots correspond to carbon areas where sulfur concentration is greater.Implications: Mercury compounds can cause severe harm to human health and to the ecosystem. There are a lot of sources that emit mercury species to the atmosphere; the main ones are exhaust gases from coal combustion and municipal solid waste incineration. Furthermore, certain CO 2 capture processes, particularly oxyfuel combustion in a pulverized fuel coal-fired power station, produce a raw CO 2 product containing several contaminants, mainly water vapor, oxygen, and nitrogen but also mercury, that have to be almost completely removed; otherwise these would represent a strong drawback to the success of the process.PAPER HISTORY

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Effect of burning supplementary waste fuels on the pollutant emissions by cement plants: a statistical analysis of process data

Cited by 41 publications

References 4 publications

Alternative Fuel for Portland Cement Processing

Alternative Fuel for Portland Cement Processing

Production of Persistent Organic Pollutants from Cement Plants

Adsorption of elemental mercury vapors from synthetic exhaust combustion gas onto HGR carbon

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