Effect of butyrate enemas on gene expression profiles and endoscopic/histopathological scores of diverted colorectal mucosa: A randomized trial

Luceri, Cristina; Femia, Angelo Pietro; Fazi, Marilena; Martino, Carmela Di; Zolfanelli, Federica; Dolara, Piero; Tonelli, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.dld.2015.09.005

Cited by 82 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In other words, clinical efficacy of enemas are likely to be impractical to achieve as an extended period of contact between SCFA and mucosa may be required for therapeutic effects. This has dampened enthusiasm for the enema approach, despite recent studies highlighting that they may reduce inflammation by inducing changes to expression of mucosal genes involved in cytokine expression and metabolism of reactive oxidative species …”

Section: Utilising Scfa As a Therapeutic For Inflammatory Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: short chain fatty acids as potential therapeutic agents in human gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders

Gill

Zelm

Muir

et al. 2018

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

405

267

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Summary Background Butyrate, propionate and acetate are short chain fatty acids (SCFA), important for maintaining a healthy colon and are considered as protective in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, they may also regulate immune responses and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Consequently, their importance in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases is emerging. Aims To review the physiology and metabolism of SCFA in humans, cellular and molecular mechanisms by which SCFA may act in health and disease, and approaches for therapeutic delivery of SCFA. Methods A PubMed literature search was conducted for clinical and pre‐clinical studies using search terms: ‘dietary fibre’, short‐chain fatty acids’, ‘acetate’, ‘propionate’, ‘butyrate’, ‘inflammation’, ‘immune’, ‘gastrointestinal’, ‘metabolism’. Results A wide range of pre‐clinical evidence supports roles for SCFA as modulators of not only colonic function, but also multiple inflammatory and metabolic processes. SCFA are implicated in many autoimmune, allergic and metabolic diseases. However, translating effects of SCFA from animal studies to human disease is limited by physiological and dietary differences and by the challenge of delivering sufficient amounts of SCFA to the target sites that include the colon and the systemic circulation. Development of novel targeted approaches for colonic delivery, combined with postbiotic supplementation, may represent desirable strategies to achieve adequate targeted SCFA delivery. Conclusions There is a large array of potential disease‐modulating effects of SCFA. Adequate targeted delivery to the sites of action is the main limitation of such application. The ongoing development and evaluation of novel delivery techniques offer potential for translating promise to therapeutic benefit.

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Section: Utilising Scfa As a Therapeutic For Inflammatory Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: short chain fatty acids as potential therapeutic agents in human gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders

Gill

Zelm

Muir

et al. 2018

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

405

267

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A recent clinical study demonstrated that butyrate enemas do not enhance systemic levels; rather they are increased in the portal system and cleared hepatically [51]. Luceri et al were unable to demonstrate increases in butyrate in rectal or colonic biopsies following administration of high concentration of butyrate enemas and suggest it is rapidly used by colonic epithelium [52]. Similarly, Guillemot et al describe the reduction in SCFA associated with diversion colitis but were unable to demonstrate effective increases in butyrate via SCFA irrigations [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burn injury influences the T cell homeostasis in a butyrate-acid sphingomyelinase dependent manner

Rice

Armocida

Kuethe

et al. 2017

Cellular Immunology

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Following burn injury, a key factor for patients susceptible to opportunistic infections is immune suppression. Butyrate levels are important in maintaining a functional immune system and these levels can be altered after injury. The acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) lipid signaling system has been implicated in a T cell actions with some evidence of being influenced by butyrate. Here, we hypothesized that burn-injury changes in butyrate levels would mediate Asm activity and, consequently, T cell homeostasis. We demonstrate that burn injury temporally decreases butyrate levels. We further determined that T cell Asm activity is increased by butyrate and decreased after burn injury. We additionally observed decreased T cell numbers in Asm-deficient, burn-injured, and microbiota-depleted mice. Finally, we demonstrate that butyrate reduced T cell death in an Asm-dependent manner. These data suggest that restoration of butyrate after burn injury may ameliorate the T cell lost observed in burn-injured patients by Asm regulation.

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“…Butyrate has been associated with many health-promoting activities such as anti-cancer (Blouin et al 2011), anti-obesogenic (Gao et al 2009), anti-inflammatory (Segain et al 2000) and neuroprotective (Lanza et al 2019) effects. In a clinical study, butyrate enemas (30 ml/d of 600 mmol/l for 30 days) improved recovery of tissue integrity in the colon/rectum of patients (n = 10) with inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer or diverticulitis (Luceri et al 2016). Supplementation with sodium butyrate capsules has been shown to reduce diastolic blood pressure and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 in adults with type 2 diabetes (Roshanravan et al 2017).…”

Section: Short-chain Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The public health rationale for increasing dietary fibre: Health benefits with a focus on gut microbiota

et al. 2020

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Dietary fibre can be considered an essential macronutrient which feeds our gut microbiota, thus enabling the optimal functioning of this ‘virtual organ’. Recommended daily intakes range from 25 to 38 g/day. However, most individuals fail to reach this target and may consume <50% of the recommended amount. Poor dietary fibre intake is associated with an imbalanced gut microbiota leading to reduced diversity and increased abundance of non‐beneficial microorganisms at the expense of beneficial ones. Inflammation is a recognised physiological effect of such a microbiome structure and is a common denominator in several non‐communicable diseases associated with the Western lifestyle/developed world including obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer. Yet increasing dietary fibre intake can reduce risk factors associated with these diseases and may even improve prognosis. Several food manufacturers have now developed strategies to increase the fibre content of foods. However, research gaps still remain. In particular, dietary fibre is composed of various non‐digestible carbohydrates and the exact effect of each of these on the gut microbiota is currently unknown. The links between dietary fibre and disease risk are generally associative. Understanding the biological mechanisms will require deeper insight into the impact of the gut microbiota on health. Furthermore, gut microbiota research has shown significant inter‐individual variation meaning that some individuals may not respond to certain dietary fibres owing to the absence of specific microorganisms. Understanding how the different fibre types influence the microbiota, combined with knowledge of an individual’s microbiota, should lead to fibre‐led, microbiota‐based dietary advice.

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Effect of butyrate enemas on gene expression profiles and endoscopic/histopathological scores of diverted colorectal mucosa: A randomized trial

Cited by 82 publications

References 32 publications

Review article: short chain fatty acids as potential therapeutic agents in human gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders

Review article: short chain fatty acids as potential therapeutic agents in human gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders

Burn injury influences the T cell homeostasis in a butyrate-acid sphingomyelinase dependent manner

The public health rationale for increasing dietary fibre: Health benefits with a focus on gut microbiota

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