Effect of CaCO3 on the wood properties of tropical hardwood species from fast-growth plantation in Costa Rica

Moya, Róger; Gaitán-Álvarez, Johanna; Berrocal, Alexánder; Araya, Fabio

doi:10.15376/biores.15.3.4802-4822

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The TGA results showed that the mineralized samples degraded faster at the beginning of the test, but after 350 • C, this behavior reversed, and finally the untreated samples were more extensively degraded. These results are in agreement with those reported previously in the literature for different CaCO 3 -treated samples [15,23]. It has been proposed that a fast initial degradation of CaCO 3 -treated wood samples was due to the early degradation of CaCO 3 , H 2 O, and CO 2 [24] before reaching 100 • C (Figure 5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The mineralization of wood with CaCO 3 has been proposed by several authors to increase wood's fire resistance, but to our knowledge, a method comprising sequential gas diffusion has not been reported. Most of the reported treatments use liquid diffusion of CaCl 2 in combination with a number of agents, such as sodium hydroxide and supercritical carbon dioxide [23], aqueous sodium carbonate with dodecanoic acid [11], sodium bicarbonate [14,15,27], ammonium carbonate [28], sodium carbonate, alkaline hydrolysis of dimethyl carbonate [17], and calcium dimethylcarbonate in methanol [13]. In addition, a novel method was recently proposed consisting in impregnating wood with calcium acetoacetate [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of innovations in such area can be found in the development of treatments promoting an accelerated petrification of wood [9,10] and others based on the formation of a wide range of minerals with inherent fire resistance properties inside the wood cells [11,12]. Several authors have proposed calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) as a fire protection agent for wood products [13][14][15][16]. During the endothermic decomposition of CaCO 3 , the release of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) apparently dilutes and cools combustion gases, reducing the effectiveness of the combustion [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Method for Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Wood That Increases Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Fire Resistance

et al. 2022

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In this study, a novel method for calcium carbonate deposition in wood that increases carbon dioxide concentration and fire resistance is proposed. The method promoted the mineralization of radiata pine wood microstructure with calcium carbonate by using a process consisting in the vacuum impregnation of wood with a calcium chloride aqueous solution and the subsequent sequential diffusion of gaseous ammonium and carbon dioxide. In the most favorable conditions, the method yielded a weight gain of about 20 wt.% due to mineralization, which implied the accumulation of 0.467 mmol·g−1 of carbon dioxide in the microstructure of wood. In addition, a weight gain of about 8% was sufficient to provide fire resistance to a level similar to that achieved by a commercially available fire-retardant treatment. The feasibility of retaining carbon dioxide directly inside the wood microstructure can be advantageous for developing wood products with enhanced environmental characteristics. This method can be a potential alternative for users seeking materials that could be effective at supporting a full sustainable development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Method for Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Wood That Increases Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Fire Resistance

et al. 2022

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“…In general, mineralisation increased water uptake in the submersion test, while thermal modi cation had the opposite effect (Table 1). An increased water uptake in submersion tests following mineralisation with CaCO 3 was also reported by Moya et al (2020), while crystals in the wood were previously seen to have a similar effect on sorption properties in wood treated with NaCl and H 3 BO 3 (Lesar et al 2011). In mineralised thermally modi ed wood, the thermal modi cation somehow neutralises the effect of mineralisation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Environmentally friendly protection of European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) against fire and fungal decay using a combination of thermal modification and mineralisation

Repič

Pondelak

Kržišnik

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The demand for construction timber is continuously increasing, due to its excellent mechanical properties, renewable nature and easy accessibility. As it is flammable and susceptible to biodegradation, however, the adequate protection of wood is key to its successful use. Given that thermal modification enhances the durability of wood, and mineralisation with CaCO3 considerably improves its fire properties, it is worth considering the synergistic effects of the two methods combined. European beech (Fagus sylvatica) was selected for this study to determine the effects of a) thermal modification at 220 °C, b) mineralisation through the in-situ formation of CaCO3 inside the wood’s structure, and c) a combination of the two procedures, on resistance to decay fungi, reaction to fire and the mechanical properties of the wood. Microscopic analysis and comparisons of the samples before and after exposure to fungi were also conducted. Mineralised samples generally have a slightly alkaline pH value and a higher equilibrium moisture content, while thermal modification lowers the equilibrium moisture content. The mineralisation of beech wood significantly improved its reaction to fire and biological durability. We proved the synergistic effect of thermal modification and mineralisation: the best response to fire as well as resistance to fungi was achieved when the two treatments were combined. Results from the Brinell hardness and three-point bending tests indicate that both modification procedures can slightly impair the mechanical properties of the wood. Due to their favourable characteristics, such wood-inorganic composites have great potential for use in construction industry.

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“…As mentioned previously, mineral species (e.g., CaCO 3 and BaSO 4 ) can be used to modify the structural properties and thermal degradation behavior of biomass. ,,− However, in this case, the biomass structure is impregnated to the core using soluble metal salt that diffuses deeply inside the wood porosity and cell walls, leading to in situ formation of the desired mineral species. In the present study, the objective was to emulate a painted/varnished wood by coating the wood chips with the mineral components of paints and vanish, using water suspensions of TiO 2 , CaCO 3 , and BaSO 4 powders.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Paints and Varnish Impair the Physicochemical Properties of Wood Pyrolysis Oils?

et al. 2021

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The use of pyrolysis oils from demolition woods is an interesting option to produce fuels or chemicals from waste wood. This work investigated the effect of paints and varnish that contain various potential contaminants on the properties of bio-oils obtained by thermal pyrolysis of wood or after ex situ catalysis of the pyrolysis vapors using a HZSM-5 catalyst. The paints and varnish were analyzed, and their main components were identified. Clean beech wood samples were impregnated with commercial paints and varnish and also individually with the main inorganic compounds (TiO 2 , CaCO 3 , and BaSO 4 ) found in the paints and varnish. These contaminated wood samples were pyrolyzed, and the gas, liquid, and solid products formed were thoroughly characterized and compared to the products obtained from clean wood. The results show that the mineral contaminants remained in the chars and that the pyrolysis oils obtained by thermal pyrolysis were not significantly modified by the presence of contaminants on the wood. In ex-situ-catalyzed pyrolysis experiments, the HZSM-5 catalyst promoted the formation of some fully deoxygenated aromatic compounds, which were not obtained without a catalyst. However, the bio-oil produced from wood impregnated with commercial paints and varnish contained less fully deoxygenated compounds. This effect was not related to the mineral compounds present in the paints and varnish and could originate from the polymeric organic components present in their formulations.

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Effect of CaCO3 on the wood properties of tropical hardwood species from fast-growth plantation in Costa Rica

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

A Novel Method for Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Wood That Increases Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Fire Resistance

A Novel Method for Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Wood That Increases Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Fire Resistance

Environmentally friendly protection of European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) against fire and fungal decay using a combination of thermal modification and mineralisation

Can Paints and Varnish Impair the Physicochemical Properties of Wood Pyrolysis Oils?

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