Effect of cadmium on active ion transport and cytotoxicity in cultured renal epithelial cells (A6)

Evidence for cadmium mobilization of intracellular calcium through a divalent cation receptor in renal distal epithelial A6 cells

“…A6 cells respond to various hormones and intracellular messengers, and exhibit Na + and Cl -transport similar to what is observed in vivo [30,35,45]. In previous studies we found that Cd 2+ administered to the basolateral surface of renal epithelia A6 cells induced a prompt and transient increase in short-circuit current (I sc ), which was independent of Na + absorption [13], but exclusively involved Cl -secretion [14]. Furthermore, Ca 2+ mobilization was apparently crucial for these events.…”

“…Previously we have shown that the transient increase was independent of Na + transport [13] and relied entirely on Cl -transport [14]. Furthermore, the studies suggested the involvement of Ca 2+ mobilization as Ca 2+ depletion and pre-treatment with TG almost cancelled DI sc(Cd) .…”

“…All experiments were conducted with cells at passage 80-113 grown at 26C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 in air. The cells were cultured as previously described [13]. When cells were confluent and exhibited dome formation (5-10 days), they were subcultured by incubation in 2 ml Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ -free amphibian salt solution with 0.25% (w/v) trypsin containing 110 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM NaHCO 3 , 3 mM KCl, 1 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 1 mM EGTA and 5 mM glucose (pH 7.6).…”

“…We have previously shown that basolateral addition of 1 mM CdCl 2 to A6 epithelia did not change R te markedly in the first 40 min [13]. Therefore, to assure that Cd 2+ did not influence cell integrity during I sc experiments; all experiments were terminated within 40 min after the addition of Cd 2+ .…”

Infrared spectroscopy detects changes in an amphibian cell line induced by fungicides: Comparison of single and mixture effects

“…A6 cells are a well characterised cell line, having previously been used in toxicity studies (Gorrochategui et al, 2016) measuring responses such as expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), intracellular calcium and cell cycle progression after exposure to a variety of environmental contaminants (Bjerregaard, 2007;Bjerregaard et al, 2001;Darasch et al, 1988;Faurskov and Bjerregaard, 1997;Faurskov and Bjerregaard, 2000;Faurskov and Bjerregaard, 2002;Heikkila et al, 1987;Khamis and Heikkila, 2013;Music et al, 2014;Thit et al, 2013;Woolfson and Heikkila, 2009;Yu et al, 2007). Additionally, as amphibians are exposed to multiple chemical stressors in the environment (Hua and Relyea, 2014;Relyea, 2009) …”