Effect of cadmium on the molecular and morpho-physiological traits ofPisum sativumL.

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) attracts many researchers because of its potential toxicity to humans. It is available in the soil in high concentrations and can cause physiological, morphological and molecular damage to plants. This study investigated the effect of different concentrations of Cd on the DNA as well as the morphological and physiological traits of pea (Pisum sativum). Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were utilized to detect the effect of Cd on the genomic DNA of pea. Two ISSR primers (UBC-26 and UBC-35) resulted in highly clear and reproducible bands. The unique polymorphic bands produced with primer UBC-26 were 250 bp, 450 bp and 600 bp in the control but disappeared under the low, medium and high concentrations of Cd. Moreover, the unique polymorphic bands produced with primer UBC-35 were of sizes of 1500 bp and 2000 bp in the control but disappeared in the low, medium and high concentrations, indicating a genotoxic effect of Cd on pea DNA. The toxicity of Cd also negatively affected the morphological traits of roots, stems, leaves, seeds, flowers and fruit, and their physiological traits. The concentration of some mineral elements, chlorophyll, carotene, sugars, lipids, protein and the activity of some enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase) decreased compared with the control responding to the Cd toxicity. The study reveals the environmental hazards of Cd on the molecular, morphological and physiological traits of P. sativum.

The efficacy of banana compost as biofertilizer on barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants grown on soil polluted with cadmium.

“…Cadmium is considered an extremely poisonous heavy metal in the soil and plant nutrition because of its potential harm. Also, it is available in the soil with higher concentrations which induced physiological and morphological damage to plants [41].…”

Cadmium toxicity in medicinal plants: An overview of the tolerance strategies, biotechnological and omics approaches to alleviate metal stress

“…Apart from the epigenetic changes, Cd has been reported as a potential mutagen, which causes DNA damages including single and double-strand breaks which ultimately leads to chromosome aberrations ( Ghosh and Roy, 2019 ). The genotoxicity of different concentrations of Cd on Pisum sativum was elucidated by ISSR analysis ( Almuwayhi, 2021 ) and in Eruca sativa by RAPD analysis ( Al-Qurainy et al., 2010 ). In Catharanthus roseus , the expression of terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) genes like STR, DAT, SGD, SLS, PRS, TDC, MTs, TPT, and MDR has been triggered under Cd toxicity ( Chen et al., 2018c ).…”

Tarım Topraklarında Ağır Metaller; Kökenleri, Yayılışları ve Etkileri

“…Bitkiler hayvanlara kıyasla düşük miktarlardaki Cd'den daha az etkilenerek metabolizmalarını düzenleyebilmelerine rağmen, Cd'nin aşırı miktarı bitkiler üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olabilmektedir (Ozyigit ve ark., 2021c). Yüksek düzeyde Cd'ye maruz kalan bitkiler, büyüme inhibisyonu, kloroz ve köklerin esmerleşmesi gibi gözle görülür toksisite semptomlarına ilaveten anatomik olarak da hücre ve dokularda küçülmeler, stoma ve epidermal tüy sayılarında azalma gibi olumsuz değişiklikler gösterebilmekte ve bu değişiklikler uzun vadede bitkinin ölümüne yol açabilmektedir (Yli-Pirilä ve ark., 2007;Hocaoglu-Ozyigit ve Genc, 2020;Almuwayhi, 2021;Ozyigit ve ark., 2021c). Cd, sürgünlerde kök Fe(III) redüktaz ve gövde nitrat redüktaz aktivitesi ile CO 2 fiksasyonunda yer alan enzimlerin aktivitelerini inhibe eder (Ackova, 2018).…”