Cadmium (Cd) attracts many researchers because of its potential toxicity to humans. It is available in the soil in high concentrations and can cause physiological, morphological and molecular damage to plants. This study investigated the effect of different concentrations of Cd on the DNA as well as the morphological and physiological traits of pea (Pisum sativum). Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were utilized to detect the effect of Cd on the genomic DNA of pea. Two ISSR primers (UBC-26 and UBC-35) resulted in highly clear and reproducible bands. The unique polymorphic bands produced with primer UBC-26 were 250 bp, 450 bp and 600 bp in the control but disappeared under the low, medium and high concentrations of Cd. Moreover, the unique polymorphic bands produced with primer UBC-35 were of sizes of 1500 bp and 2000 bp in the control but disappeared in the low, medium and high concentrations, indicating a genotoxic effect of Cd on pea DNA. The toxicity of Cd also negatively affected the morphological traits of roots, stems, leaves, seeds, flowers and fruit, and their physiological traits. The concentration of some mineral elements, chlorophyll, carotene, sugars, lipids, protein and the activity of some enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase) decreased compared with the control responding to the Cd toxicity. The study reveals the environmental hazards of Cd on the molecular, morphological and physiological traits of P. sativum.

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Gaseous air pollutants in the troposphere, which is formed in the air under the influence of sunlight and lightning if the air contains nitrogen dioxide or sulfur dioxide even if at low concentrations. Conducted study the effect of gaseous air pollutants emitted by industrial city in Jeddah to evaluate the response of protein and fatty contents in plant Vigna sinensis L. and transplanted at distances (1-5,500,1000,1500,2000 meters) from industrial city, has been planting the seeds of the plant Vigna sinensis L. In the uncontaminated region far from industrial city, where we put three pots at each site contains five seeds, and has agriculture in the January 9, 2013, and left until the completion of the initial growth of leaves and then transported to the site of the study. The results showed that the concentrations of polluting gases around industrial city is going up during the study period, reaching 82 ppb for ozone and sulfur dioxide reached 28ppb while the nitrogen dioxide recorded 35ppb.The results also showed that there is a significant effect of these pollutants on protein content and fatty content ranging in plant leaves for protein (4.11 %) at a distance 1-5 meters, and (4.40 %) at a distance of 2000 meters. The fat content in experimented leaves lied between fat (3.13 %) at a distance and 1-5 meters (4.40%) at the distance of 2000 meters.

Abstract:The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different air pollution (ozone O 3 , sulfur dioxide SO 2 , and nitrogen dioxide NO 2 gases) on Eruca sativa Mill. at three locations in Riyadh city, KSA. During the study, we found that the concentrations of gases were increasing gradually at the study sites. Ozone concentration and sulfur dioxide at the cement factory area site were 91 ppb and 29 ppb, respectively, as well as concentration of nitrogen dioxide was 29 ppb at the first industrial area and cement factory area. The present experiment showed that these three pollutants gases caused a significant effect on the concentration of some mineral elements. Interestingly, the plants treated with ascorbic acid showed maximum content of mineral nutrients phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), cupper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn). The study aims to identify concentrations of ozone gas, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in three different locations in Riyadh and determine its harmful effects on the concentration of some metal elements, and study the effect of ascorbic acid to reduce the adverse impact of these gases in Eruca sativa Mill.

Changes in nutrients elements uptake, physiological characteristics, as well as, correlations analysis for these traits to each other are good factors to study the effects of drought on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv., commercial hybrid) and disclose physiological reaction to several specific levels of stress from water deficit. Water scarcity processing was carried out by irrigating the sweet pepper plants with 20, 40 and 60% of water deficit to reach soil pot capacity, plus to 100% of water capacity (control). The results showed that the concentrations of nutrients of the studied sweet pepper grown in pots under different water treatments varied greatly depending on the levels of water stress except C. Resulting data of the growing season's experiments revealed that, the four water stress levels had a highly significant effect on all the four traits under this study. The content of proline in plant had risen significantly by drought stress treatments (80, 60 and 40% of pot capacity). All water stress treatments led to high significant changes in the accumulation of vitamins and enzymes, that is, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Also, the associations of correlation between all physiological traits had been reported in results.