Effect of Caffeine Injection on Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats: An Experimental Study on Rats

Abstract

Objectives. Several studies have investigated the effects of different medications on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). This study assessed the effect of caffeine injection on OTM in rats. Materials and Methods. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Their first molars and central incisors were attached with a nickel-titanium closed coil spring with 50 g load. The rats in the three experimental groups received 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg caffeine intraperitoneally for 21 days. The negative control group did not receive any injection and did not undergo orthodontic treatment. The positive control group underwent orthodontic treatment and received 0.9% NaCl (saline) injection. After 21 days, all rats were sacrificed by chloroform inhalation, and the maxilla was resected. The mean number of Howship’s lacunae, blood vessels, osteoclasts, and root resorption lacunae was histologically measured. The bone volume-to-total volume ratio (BV/TV) in maxillary molars was calculated by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) to quantify bone loss. Results. The amount of OTM and the number of osteoclasts, blood vessels, and Howship’s lacunae significantly increased in rats under caffeine therapy, while the number of root resorption lacunae did not increase. Lower BV/TV in the caffeine groups was in accord with the increased count of osteoclasts. Conclusion. Caffeine injection can significantly increase OTM in rats.

Increased TGF-β1 level after cocoa administration during orthodontics tooth movement in Cavia cobaya

“…The difference in the average levels of TGF-β1 between the groups on day 0 was possibly due to genetic variations between the experimental animals, meaning their responses to the application of orthodontic strength were different. The study findings are in accordance with the report by Golshah et al, 13 who used the injection of caffeine in doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg and reported that the number of osteoclasts, blood vessels, and Howship's lacunae significantly increased in rats under caffeine therapy during OTM. The effect of caffeine in OTM has been reported in various studies.…”

Role of Topical and Systemic Medications in Orthodontics: A Review

“…Golshah A et al 2022 [14] Caffeine injection Accelerated tooth movement Injection of caffeine can significantly increase rate of orthodontic tooth movement Zhu X et al 2021 [15] 6-shogaol Accelerated orthodontic treatment 6-shgoal significantly cause accelerated tooth movement of teeth Marin GC et al 2023 [18] Fluoxetine Orthodontic tooth movement The results of this study demonstrate that the quantity of tooth movement is unaffected by long-term administration of 20 mg/kg fluoxetine. Mehta S et al 2023 [19] Alendronate Orthodontic tooth movement The rate of TMO was reduced with alendronate.…”

“…They function by blocking prostaglandin synthesis and calcium absorption in the intestines, which in turn causes a rise in resorption of bone and a direct reduction of osteoblastic activity. The majority of animal investigations found that the chronic group requiring long-term corticosteroid medication had an increase in tooth movement rate [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. On the other hand, investigations on acute corticosteroid consumption revealed decreased bone turnover.…”

“…Additionally, other variables like health insurance companies and medical ads have had a big impact on the development. Despite the rise in the use of these drugs, researchers claim that children and teenagers are becoming more and more in need of orthodontic treatment [13,14]. For example, 7% of kids and teens in the US between the ages of 6 and 17 are taking prescription drugs for behavioral and psychiatric issues.…”

Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Tension-Induced Osteogenesis

“…Furthermore, PDLSC-derived EVs significantly promoted calcium nodule formation, enhanced ALP activity, and improved the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins in osteoblasts under cyclic tensile strain. As specialized bone-forming cells developed from pluripotent MSCs, osteoblasts are sensitive to various forms of mechanical stimuli, especially tensile strain that stimulates membrane-bound receptors (such as integrins, Ca 2+ channels, and G-proteins) and induces several transcription factors (such as Runx2, β-catenin, and Osx) to regulate bone remodeling. , With the ability to translate mechanical signals into biochemical signals, osteoblasts play fundamental roles in bone remodeling by governing the new bone formation and regulating activities of osteoclasts through the OPG/RANKL/RANK axis . Emerging evidence has indicated the crucial roles of MSC-derived EVs in mediating intercellular communications that affect bone remodeling, especially in the process of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation .…”