Effect of Caffeine on Information Processing: Evidence from Stroop Task

Dixit, Aparna; Goyal, Abhishek; Thawani, Rajat; Vaney, Neelam

doi:10.4103/0253-7176.106013

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Reports in the scientific literature present inconsistent findings in relation to the effects of caffeine ingestion on the Stroop task performance, a measure of executive function. Some studies involving cognitive inhibition or interference conditions report faster or potential fast reaction times (RTs) with the use of caffeine ( Hasenfratz and Bättig, 1992 ; Kenemans et al, 1999 ; Hogervorst et al, 2008 ; Dixit et al, 2012 ; Dodd et al, 2015 ; Souissi et al, 2019 ), whereas others report no change at all ( Edwards et al, 1996 ; Bottoms et al, 2013 ). Differences in outcomes between studies may be related to the sensitivity of the cognitive tests used or the dose of caffeine administered, and more studies need to examine effects of caffeine on cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition and Brain Activation in Response to Various Doses of Caffeine: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

et al. 2020

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Caffeine, which is widely used for enhancing athletic performance, has been suggested to have a positive impact on cognition via stimulating the brain. However, no study published to date has explored the effects of different doses of caffeine ingestion on brain activation via cortical hemodynamics. The purpose of the present crossover, double-blind study was to investigate the effects of low, moderate, and high doses of caffeine ingestion on cognitive performance and brain activation. Ten healthy male subjects ingested placebo or caffeine (3, 6, or 9 mg/kg body mass). The effects of each treatment condition were evaluated by Stroop tasks before and 60 min after the ingestion of caffeine. Reaction time (RT) and accuracy of responses to congruent and incongruent stimuli were assessed. As an index of brain activation with cognition, levels of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) were measured via near-infrared spectroscopy. A 4 × 2 mixed ANOVA revealed that there were significant interaction effects for RT in both incongruent and congruent conditions ( P < 0.01, P η 2 = 0.384; P < 0.05, P η 2 = 0.259; and P < 0.05, P η 2 = 0.309). Both 3 and 6 mg/kg of caffeine ingestion significantly decreased RT to incongruent stimuli. The only dose of caffeine to decrease RT in response to congruent stimuli was 3 mg/kg. None of the doses of caffeine administered affected accuracy of responses to incongruent or congruent stimuli. Under the congruent stimulus condition, ingestion of 3 mg/kg of caffeine significantly increased mean HbO in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal pole area, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ( P < 0.01, P η 2 = 0.319; P < 0.05, P η 2 = 0.263; and P < 0.05, P η 2 = 0.259, respectively). None of the doses of caffeine investigated affected HbO under the incongruent stimulus condition. Ingestion of low-dose caffeine has greater effects on cognition and brain activation than moderate and high doses of caffeine, suggesting that low-dose caffeine may be a selective supplement in enhancing executive function and prefrontal activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition and Brain Activation in Response to Various Doses of Caffeine: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

et al. 2020

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“…Because cognitive performance can be affected by caffeine intake [43, 44], participants’ cognitive interference was measured using the Stroop color-naming task [45, 46], both pre-consumption (minutes 5–8) and post-consumption (minutes 25–28). Participants were instructed to indicate the font color of a letter string by pressing one of four appropriate color-coded keys as quickly as possible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Water: Social Influence Moderates Psychological, Physiological, and Functional Response to a Placebo Product

et al. 2016

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This paper investigates how social influence can alter physiological, psychological, and functional responses to a placebo product and how such responses influence the ultimate endorsement of the product. Participants consumed a product, “AquaCharge Energy Water,” falsely-labeled as containing 200 mg of caffeine but which was actually plain spring water, in one of three conditions: a no social influence condition, a disconfirming social influence condition, and a confirming social influence condition. Results demonstrated that the effect of the product labeling on physiological alertness (systolic blood pressure), psychological alertness (self-reported alertness), functional alertness (cognitive interference), and product endorsement was moderated by social influence: participants experienced more subjective, physiological and functional alertness and stronger product endorsement when they consumed the product in the confirming social influence condition than when they consumed the product in the disconfirming social influence condition. These results suggest that social influence can alter subjective, physiological, and functional responses to a faux product, in this case transforming the effects of plain water.

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“…Consequently, the left-handed individuals were excluded from the experiment. The individuals were instructed to not use tobacco, coffee or alcoholic drinks 10 hours before the test because these substances can influence cortical activation recorded by qEEG [21][22][23]. The participants received written information about the study procedures and we solicited their signature of the consent form.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Hand immobilization causes changes in cortical areas: qEEG alfa band absolute power study

Machado

Bastos²,

Teixeira³

et al. 2015

Int Arch Med

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Hand immobilization has been associated with changes in neural networks of primary somatosensory cortex and primary motor areas. Electrophysiologically, alpha band absolute power may indicate how cerebral cortex processes information. This study aimed to analyze changes in alpha band absolute power on frontal, central, parietal and occipital derivations when hand-movement of subjects was restricted for 48 hours. Fifteen healthy volunteers (20 to 30 years old), were recorded using electroencephalography (qEEG), while exposition to visual stimulus linked to a motor task before and after hand immobilization. Statistical analysis revealed that hand immobilization caused changes in frontal, central and parietal areas of cerebral cortex. In summary, after hand immobilization alpha band absolute power increased in these areas, revealing a lower activation. Contrarily, at C4 there was a decreased alpha band absolute power correlated to more activation. These findings can be due adaptive plasticity to supply less activation at C3, considering the inactivity of right hand due to the immobilization. Further studies are needed to better understand the complex processes involved in this type of task.

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Effect of Caffeine on Information Processing: Evidence from Stroop Task

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Cognition and Brain Activation in Response to Various Doses of Caffeine: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

Cognition and Brain Activation in Response to Various Doses of Caffeine: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

Transforming Water: Social Influence Moderates Psychological, Physiological, and Functional Response to a Placebo Product

Hand immobilization causes changes in cortical areas: qEEG alfa band absolute power study

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