“…Subsequently, the mixed solution was adjusted to various pH value (1.73, 3.00, 5.00, 7.00, 9.00, and 11.00) with an ammonia solution or nitric acid solution. Then, the mixture was transferred into a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and heated in the oven according to the setting time (1,4,8,12,16,20,24,36, and 48 h) and temperature (25, 50, 70, 80, 100, 140, and 180 o C). Unless otherwise stated, the reaction conditions of pH, temperature, and time are set at pH=5.00, 180 o C for 24 h. Finally, the resultant solid was separated by centrifugation and washed with deionized water and ethanol three times and then dried at 80 °C for 8 h in the air.…”