Effect of Calcium Concentration in Growth Medium on Oxalate Content and Evaluation of the Role of Guttation in the Regulation of Oxalate in Eddo

Islam, Mohammad Nazrul; Maeda, Hayato; Kawasaki, Michio

doi:10.1626/pps.18.464

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Oxalate functions as an important counterion to inorganic cations, including sodium and potassium, thus contributing to ionic equilibrium (Osmond, 1963). Plant calcium (Ca) oxalate crystals have been known for a long time and many physiological and biochemical studies have demonstrated that the formation of these crystals plays a crucial role in the regulation of the Ca concentration in plant tissues and organs (Leeuwenhoek, 1975;Franceschi, 1989;Mazen and El Maghraby, 1998;Zindler-Frank et al, 2001;Volk et al, 2002;Prychid et al, 2008;Nakata, 2012;Dauer and Perakis, 2014;Islam et al, 2015). In addition to balancing the Ca content, the production of Ca oxalate crystals protects plants against chewing insects such as caterpillars, including the larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Korth et al, 2006;Park et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Oxalyl-CoA Decarboxylase1 Degrades Oxalate and Affects the Seed Metabolome and Nutritional Quality

Yang

Chen

et al. 2018

Plant Cell

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The organic acid oxalate occurs in microbes, animals, and plants; however, excessive oxalate accumulation in vivo is toxic to cell growth and decreases the nutritional quality of certain vegetables. However, the enzymes and functions required for oxalate degradation in plants remain largely unknown. Here, we report the cloning of a maize () opaque endosperm mutant that encodes oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase1 (EC4.1.1.8; OCD1). is generally expressed and is specifically induced by oxalate. The mutant seeds contain a significantly higher level of oxalate than the wild type, indicating that the mutants have a defect in oxalate catabolism. The maize classic mutant () was initially cloned for its high lysine trait, although the gene function was not understood until its homolog in was found to encode an oxalyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.8), which ligates oxalate and CoA to form oxalyl-CoA. Our enzymatic analysis showed that ZmOCD1 catalyzes oxalyl-CoA, the product of O7, into formyl-CoA and CO for degradation. Mutations in caused dramatic alterations in the metabolome in the endosperm. Our findings demonstrate that ZmOCD1 acts downstream of O7 in oxalate degradation and affects endosperm development, the metabolome, and nutritional quality in maize seeds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Oxalyl-CoA Decarboxylase1 Degrades Oxalate and Affects the Seed Metabolome and Nutritional Quality

Yang

Chen

et al. 2018

Plant Cell

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“…The soluble oxalate content in the petioles of 'endo' plants (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. antiquorum Hubbard & Rehder) was higher than those in the leaf blades or corm (Islam et al, 2015). It was previously reported in taro that soluble oxalate in young leaves was 1.32-fold higher compared to old leaves (Oscarsson and Savage, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Previous investigations suggested that ascorbic acid is a precursor to oxalic acid biosynthesis (Keates et al, 2000;Kostman et al, 2001). Exogenous application of calcium, shading, and soil moisture content directly regulate the level of CaOx in 'taro' organs (Islam et al, 2015;Tanaka et al, 2003c). Unfortunately, there is little data available on the potentially edible candidate species Colocasia esculenta var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological, Organic and Inorganic Biochemical Changes in the Leaves of Elephant Ear (<i>Colocasia esculenta</i> Schott var. aquatillis)

et al. 2019

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Plants produce a variety of crystals with different shapes and sizes. Based on their appearance, calcium oxalate crystals, especially raphides, have been suggested to play a key role in the defense mechanism against insect attack and microbial infections. Colocasia esculenta, a tropical plant primarily grown for its edible corms contains a large number of cells (idioblasts) with needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate (i.e., raphides). The concentration of raphides in the plant varies with the ploidy level, cultivar, organ, and micro environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological, organic and inorganic biochemical changes in the differentiated leaves of elephant ear (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis) and examine the rate of release of these compounds in water soluble forms. Regarding photosynthetic functions, the net photosynthetic rate (P n) was positively related to light intensity, especially in fully expanded and old leaves. However, the P n , transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (g s) in young leaves were lower than those in fully expanded and older leaves, resulting in low levels of total soluble sugar content in both the petioles and leaf blades of young leaves. In contrast, oxalic acid and calcium in both petioles and leaf blades peaked at > 2.0 mg•g −1 FW and 185 mg•g −1 FW, respectively. A large number of idioblasts (~5.5 idioblasts per observed microscopic field) were observed in young leaves. Oxalic acid and calcium ions extracted from the leaf tissues were rapidly dissolved in hot water (85°C) for 10-15 min, leading to a decline in the number of idioblasts. Based on these results, petioles and leaf organs of elephant ear may be eaten safely after boiling in hot water for 15 min to dissolve CaOx.

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Effect of Calcium Concentration in Growth Medium on Oxalate Content and Evaluation of the Role of Guttation in the Regulation of Oxalate in Eddo

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Maize Oxalyl-CoA Decarboxylase1 Degrades Oxalate and Affects the Seed Metabolome and Nutritional Quality

Maize Oxalyl-CoA Decarboxylase1 Degrades Oxalate and Affects the Seed Metabolome and Nutritional Quality

Physiological, Organic and Inorganic Biochemical Changes in the Leaves of Elephant Ear (<i>Colocasia esculenta</i> Schott var. aquatillis)

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