Effect of Carbon Constituents in Manure on Denitrification in Soil

Paul, J. W.; Beauchamp, E. G.

doi:10.4141/cjss89-006

Cited by 139 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The denitrification rates were significantly higher than previous measurements , possibly due to higher NO x À concentrations, which have been linked to denitrification rate (Bartoli et al, 2012;Song et al, 2014;Lan et al, 2015). Propionate was also significantly correlated with denitrification (Supplementary Material Table S1) as demonstrated previously (Paul and Beauchamp, 1989;Hallin and Pell, 1998;Chen et al, 2015). Our results demonstrated that denitrification contributed to 90% of the N loss in both rhizosphere and bulk soils, indicating that denitrification is the main pathway of N loss in paddy soils over the period of rice growth, even when the rhizosphere provides a more favorable habitat for anammox bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The phenological stage of rice growth determines anaerobic ammonium oxidation activity in rhizosphere soil

Yang

Weng

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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a b s t r a c tAnaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) plays an important role in nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural systems. Recently, the rice rhizosphere was demonstrated to be a hotspot for anammox, yet the dynamics of anammox activity and the distribution of anammox bacteria in rhizosphere soil at different phenological stages of rice growth are still unknown. In this study, the activity, diversity and abundance of anammox bacteria in both rhizosphere and bulk soils were investigated over the entire rice growth season. From tillering to ripening stage, significantly higher anammox bacterial abundance was detected in rhizosphere soils compared to bulk soils. The rhizosphere soils also had significantly higher anammox rates at tillering and booting stages (0.71 and 0.32 nmol N g À1 dry soil h À1 , respectively) compared to bulk soils. The anammox rate in rhizosphere soil was positively correlated to the concentrations of NO x À (total of nitrate and nitrite) and acetate. The abundance of anammox bacteria was significantly correlated with the concentration of succinate in rhizosphere soils. A total of five anammox genera of Brocadia, Kuenenia, Anammoxoglobus, Jettenia and Scalindua were detected, with Brocadia predominating in all examined samples. The distribution of anammox bacteria in rhizosphere and bulk soils varied with phenological stages. Statistical analysis indicated that C/N ratio, formate, citrate and ammonium were key factors influencing the composition of anammox bacteria. Variations in activity, abundance and distribution of anammox bacteria in rhizosphere were observed over the phenological progression, demonstrating that the root exudates might be influential for the anammox process. This study implies that future efforts in estimating the rate of anammox should consider the temporal variation during plant life cycles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The phenological stage of rice growth determines anaerobic ammonium oxidation activity in rhizosphere soil

Yang

Weng

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…Manure application probably resulted in denitrification of soil NO 3 -already present in the soil. Paul and Beauchamp (1989) showed that denitrification of soil NO 3 -occurred within hours of manure application due to oxidation of short-chain fatty acids present in manure which served both to provide electron donors for the denitrifying bacteria and to increase the oxygen demand in the soil. In the present experiments, denitrification was not measured during the first week following manure application, therefore denitrification losses occurring shortly after manure application were not included in denitrification loss estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has shown that denitrification losses are higher in manured soils than in non-manured soils (Burford et al 1976;Rolston et al 1984;Christensen 1985;Paul and Beauchamp 1989). Thompson (1989) and Goulding and Webster (1989) measured increased denitrification losses in the fall or winter from fall-applied manure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Denitrification and nitrate leaching during the fall and winter following dairy cattle slurry application

Paul¹,

Zebarth²

1997

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Paul, J. W. and Zebarth, B. J. 1997. Denitrification and nitrate leaching during the fall and winter following dairy cattle slurry application. Can. J. Soil Sci. 77: 231-240. Conditions in soils of south-coastal British Columbia during the fall and winter favor both NO 3 -leaching and denitrification. Estimates of NO 3 -leaching were made on a coarse-textured soil having a high water table (Sumas) and a well-drained, medium-textured soil (Agassiz) in each of 1991 and 1992, following application of 0, 300 and 600 kg total N ha -1 as dairy cattle slurry at the end of September. Leaching was calculated by measuring NH 4 + and NO 3 -concentrations biweekly to 90 cm depth and subtracting denitrification losses. Denitrification estimates were made using the acetylene blockage technique on intact cores taken to 43 cm depth at biweekly intervals from the 0 and 600 kg N ha -1 treatments. Most of the NO 3 -disappeared from the 90-cm soil profile by January in both years. At the high rate of manure application, denitrification losses were 29 and 20 kg N ha -1 at Agassiz in 1991 and 1992, and 48 and 17 kg N ha -1 at Sumas in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Denitrification losses in the non-manured treatments ranged from 3 to 16 kg N ha -1 . Significant denitrification losses occurred at the 15-to 28-cm and the 30-cm to 43-cm depths, indicating that denitrification measurements at these depths are important. Leaching losses ranged from 60 to 188 kg N ha -1 from the control treatments, and from 102 to 241 kg N ha -1 following the high rate of manure application. Denitrification accounted for up to 17% of the NO 3 -loss from the soil profile, indicating that the majority of the NO 3 -was leached.

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“…Reinertsen et al (1984) observed that soil microbial biomass C and the decomposition of straw were largely dependent on the quantity of soluble C at early stages of decomposition. Soluble C has been reported to be a good indicator of the availability of C to sustain denitrifi-cation activity (Burford and Bremner 1975;Davidson et al 1987;Paul and Beauchamp 1989). However, other studies have found that not all of the soluble C is readily decomposable (Horwath and Elliott 1996) and that the recalcitration fraction increases with incubation time (Cook and Allan 1992).…”

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confidence: 89%

Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C, soluble organic C and CO₂ evolution after three years of manure application

1998

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Rochette, P. and Gregorich, E. G. 1998. Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C, soluble organic C and CO 2 evolution after three years of manure application. Can. J. Soil Sci. 78: 283-290. Application of manure and fertilizer affects the rate and extent of mineralization and sequestration of C in soil. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 3 yr of application of N fertilizer and different manure amendments on CO 2 evolution and the dynamics of soil microbial biomass and soluble C in the field. Soil respiration, soluble organic C and microbial biomass C were measured at intervals over the growing season in maize soils amended with stockpiled or rotted manure, N fertilizer (200 kg N ha -1 ) and with no amendments (control). Manure amendments increased soil respiration and levels of soluble organic C and microbial biomass C by a factor of 2 to 3 compared with the control, whereas the N fertilizer had little effect on any parameter. Soil temperature explained most of the variations in CO 2 flux (78 to 95%) in each treatment, but data from all treatments could not be fitted to a unique relationship. Increases in CO 2 emission and soluble C resulting from manure amendments were strongly correlated (r 2 = 0.75) with soil temperature. This observation confirms that soluble C is an active C pool affected by biological activity. The positive correlation between soluble organic C and soil temperature also suggests that production of soluble C increases more than mineralization of soluble C as temperature increases. The total manure-derived CO 2 -C was equivalent to 52% of the applied stockpiled-manure C and 67% of the applied rotted-manure C. Estimates of average turnover rates of microbial biomass ranged between 0.72 and 1.22 yr -1 and were lowest in manured soils. Manured soils also had large quantities of soluble C with a slower turnover rate than that in either fertilized or unamended soils.Key words: Soil respiration, greenhouse gas, soil carbon Rochette, P. et Gregorich, E. G. 1998. Cinétique du C de biomasse microbienne, du C organique soluble et du CO 2 après 3 années d'épandage de fumier de ferme. Can. J. Soil Sci. 78: 283-290. L'épandage de fumier et d'engrais chimique, influe sur le taux et sur l'étendue de la minéralisation et de la séquestration de C dans le sol. L'objet de nos travaux était de dégager, au champ, les effets de 3 années de fumure minérale N et d'apports de fumier frais ou plus ou moins décomposé sur l'évolution du CO 2 et sur la cinétique du C d'origine microbienne et du C soluble du sol. La respiration du sol, le C organique soluble et le C de biomasse microbienne étaient mesurés à diverses reprises durant la période de végétation dans des champs de maïs ayant reçu du fumier frais ou décomposé, un engrais azoté minéral (200 kg N ha -1 ) ou aucun amendement (témoin). Par rapport à ce dernier traitement, les fumiers accroissaient de 2 à 3 fois la respiration du sol et les niveaux des deux formes de C, mais l'engrais azoté minéral n'avait que peu d'effet sur ces paramètres. Da...

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Effect of Carbon Constituents in Manure on Denitrification in Soil

Abstract: For personal use only.

Cited by 139 publications

References 29 publications

The phenological stage of rice growth determines anaerobic ammonium oxidation activity in rhizosphere soil

The phenological stage of rice growth determines anaerobic ammonium oxidation activity in rhizosphere soil

Denitrification and nitrate leaching during the fall and winter following dairy cattle slurry application

Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C, soluble organic C and CO₂ evolution after three years of manure application

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Effect of Carbon Constituents in Manure on Denitrification in Soil

Abstract: For personal use only.

Cited by 139 publications

References 29 publications

The phenological stage of rice growth determines anaerobic ammonium oxidation activity in rhizosphere soil

The phenological stage of rice growth determines anaerobic ammonium oxidation activity in rhizosphere soil

Denitrification and nitrate leaching during the fall and winter following dairy cattle slurry application

Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C, soluble organic C and CO2 evolution after three years of manure application

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Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C, soluble organic C and CO₂ evolution after three years of manure application