Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Lower Flammability Limit of Propane in O<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> Atmosphere

Hu, Xianzhong; Xie, Qing; Yu, Qingbo; Liu, Hui; Yan, Fusheng

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00601

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In refs –, the shape and volume of containers used in the experiment are different, so it is not reasonable to choose V 1/3 for representing the characteristic length of explosive containers. For tubular explosive vessels, the distance L between the ignition source and the tube outlet can be used to represent the characteristic length.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a Perforated Polyethylene Material on Propane–Air Explosion in a Confined Space

Qiao

Long³

2022

ACS Omega

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In this study, the effect of polyethylene barriers with different blockage ratios on the explosion behavior of a propane–air premixed gas in a confined space is investigated. The maximum explosion pressure (P max), the deflagration index (K G), and the flame propagation process of the propane–air premixed gas with different barrier thicknesses are examined by using a horizontal closed tube with a length of 0.5 m and a diameter of 0.1 m and a high-speed camera. The atmospheric pressure and temperature of the premixed gas were 101.3 kPa and 18 °C, respectively. Based on the Canny operator, the position of the flame front at different times and the shape of the barriers before and after the explosion are determined, and the propagation speed of the premixed flame and the deformation rate of the barriers are obtained. The results indicate that the barriers change the flow field structure of the unburned gas and increase the folding degree of the flame front. With the increase in the blockage ratio, the explosion of a premixed system becomes more rapid and violent. Under the action of Rayleigh–Taylor instability, the variation in the flame propagation speed induces a change in the tube pressure. In addition, the deformation of a barrier causes a change in the maximum explosion pressure. The greater the deformation ratio of the barrier after the explosion, the larger the maximum explosion pressure.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propane is a widely used energy source and is an important constituent of liquefied petroleum gas. It is commonly used in welding, electric systems, and industrial fuels . However, due to improper production, transportation, and utilization processes, propane is prone to leakage and explosion accidents .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Perforated Polyethylene Material on Propane–Air Explosion in a Confined Space

Qiao

Long³

2022

ACS Omega

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“…In this table, the emphasis is on experimental work in which the FLs were determined with vessels of different volumes and/or geometries. As observed in Figure , there are 73 works in which cylindrical vessels were used, ,,,,,,− 62 works in which spherical vessels were used, ,,,,− ...…”

Section: Experimental Determination Of the Flammability Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability Limits: A Comprehensive Review of Theory, Experiments, and Estimation Methods

Mendiburu

Carvalho

2023

Energy Fuels

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Flammability limits play an important role in combustion research, industrial applications, and fire safety. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in the fundamental understanding of flammability limits and their experimental determination as well as estimation methods for pure fuels and fuel mixtures. The article begins with a discussion of the importance and challenges of determining flammability limits. It then presents the theoretical, computational, and experimental methods available to understand the mechanism of flammability limits and to quantify them. The experimental setups using cylindrical and spherical vessels to determine the flammability limits are discussed. The effects of buoyancy, thermal radiation, and flame stretch are examined. The relationship between the fundamental flammability limits and the extinction limits of stretched flames via strain and radiation is presented. The effects of initial temperature, pressure, mixtures of different fuels, and diluents are examined, and available estimation methods are presented. Finally, the flammability limits of renewable and alternative fuels are addressed and strategies for estimating the flammability limits of these fuels are presented.

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“…The flammability limits of many flammable gases have been evaluated at ambient temperature and pressure. , However, the flammability limits are affected by the initial temperature, initial pressure, inert medium or impurity gas, , explosion container and shape, ignition energy and position, turbulent flow state, and other environmental factors operating methods. , Many processes are run at elevated temperatures and pressures in current industries, such as the air injection process, − high-temperature reaction process in the chemical industry, − fuel cell or internal combustion engine, waste gas treatment in the metallurgical industry, core melting accidents of nuclear power plants, , and fire accidents. Existing studies have shown that many factors must be considered at high temperatures and pressures, resulting in difficulties in experiments and measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability Limits of Combustible Gases at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Yan

Wang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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The flammability limits are essential parameters that reflect the risk of a gas explosion and are affected by the temperature, pressure, and inert gas. Many industrial processes are run at high temperatures and high pressures. Incidents involving combustible gas explosions are frequent; however, issues with gas explosion safety at high temperatures and pressures are never addressed. There have been no substantial advances in theoretical prediction for a long time and a dearth of perfect theories and systematic data collection. Many factors, such as thermal decomposition and slow oxidation, need to be considered at high temperatures and high pressures, which causes difficulties in measurements and inadvertently increases the potential explosion risk. This paper reviews the historical experimental research on the flammability limit of combustible gases at elevated temperatures and pressures and the prediction model of flammable limits by examining the influence mechanism of high temperatures and high pressures. An overview of the theory of flammability limits, criterion of flammability limits, experimental studies, and current status of flammability limit prediction models for combustible gases at high temperatures and pressures are highlighted to help establish and improve the accuracy of flammability limit prediction models at high temperatures and pressures.

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Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Lower Flammability Limit of Propane in O₂/CO₂ Atmosphere

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of a Perforated Polyethylene Material on Propane–Air Explosion in a Confined Space

Effect of a Perforated Polyethylene Material on Propane–Air Explosion in a Confined Space

Flammability Limits: A Comprehensive Review of Theory, Experiments, and Estimation Methods

Flammability Limits of Combustible Gases at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

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Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Lower Flammability Limit of Propane in O2/CO2 Atmosphere

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of a Perforated Polyethylene Material on Propane–Air Explosion in a Confined Space

Effect of a Perforated Polyethylene Material on Propane–Air Explosion in a Confined Space

Flammability Limits: A Comprehensive Review of Theory, Experiments, and Estimation Methods

Flammability Limits of Combustible Gases at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Lower Flammability Limit of Propane in O₂/CO₂ Atmosphere