Effect of Cationic and Anionic Surfactants on the Application of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles in Paper Coating

Abstract

Modification of calcium carbonate particles with surfactant significantly improves the properties of the calcium carbonate coating on paper. In this study, unmodified and CTAB (hexadecyltetramethylammonium bromide)- and oleate-modified calcium carbonate nanoparticles were prepared using the wet carbonation technique for paper coating. CTAB (cationic surfactant) and sodium oleate (anionic surfactant) were used to modify the size, morphology, and surface properties of the precipitated nanoparticles. The obtained particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Coating colors were formulated from the prepared unmodified and modified calcium carbonates and examined by creating a thin coating layer on reference paper. The effect of calcium carbonate particle size and surface modification on paper properties, such as coating thickness, coating weight, surface roughness, air permeability, brightness, whiteness, opacity, and hydrophobicity, were investigated and compared with commercial ground (GCC) calcium carbonate-coated papers. The results show that the obtained calcium carbonate nanoparticles are in the calcite phase. The morphology of the prepared calcium carbonate nanoparticles is rhombohedral, and the average particle diameter is less than 100 nm. Compared to commercial GCC, the use of unmodified and CTAB- and oleate-modified calcium carbonate nanoparticles in paper coating improves the properties of paper. The highest measured paper properties were observed for paper coated with oleate-modifed nanoparticles, where an increase in smoothness (decrease in paper roughness) (+23%), brightness (+1.3%), whiteness (+2.8%), and opacity (+2.3%) and a decrease in air permeability (-26%) was obtained with 25% less coat weight. The water contact angle at a drop age time of 10 min was about 112° for the paper coated with oleate-modified nanoparticles and 42° for paper coated with CTAB-modified nanoparticles compared to 104° for GCC-coated paper.

Nano-silica and SiO2/CaCO3 nanocomposite prepared from semi-burned rice straw ash as modified papermaking fillers

“…CaCO 3 nano-particles were prepared by using the reaction system Ca (OH) 2 -H 2 O-CO 2 as described in our previous work (El-Sheikh et al 2013;Barhoum et. al.…”

Preparation of superhydrophobic nanocalcite crystals using Box–Behnken design

“…For example, studies on effects of CaCO 3 nanofillers in sealants and polymers (Avella et al, 2001;Di Lorenzo et al, 2002;Liang et al, 2013;Barhoum et al, 2014) have indicated that nano CaCO 3 (6100 nm) is particularly useful for filling sealants and increasing the stiffness of both the homo and copolymers than micro CaCO 3 . However, the aggregation of nano CaCO 3 , which is often detected in particulate filled polymers, can result in a number of problems, like deteriorated thermal and mechanical properties.…”

“…Such surfactants can bind with certain crystal planes during crystal growth, thereby changing the particle morphology and surface properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic (Lanzon et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2010;Sheng et al, 2006). Calcium carbonate can be produced either by: (1) wet carbonation route, through a double decomposition reaction, wherein aqueous CaCl 2 and Na 2 CO 3 , or CaCl 2 and (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 , or Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and Na 2 CO 3 are combined in an equal molar ratio; or (2) the bubbling carbonation route, in which CO 2 gas is bubbled through an aqueous slurry of Ca(OH) 2 (Barhoum et al, 2014;Ihli et al, 2014;Ukrainczyk et al, 2007;Reeder et al, 2013). The bubbling carbonation route is industrially used because of the availability of its raw materials, high yield as well as simplicity and low cost of production (Tomioka et al, 2012;Garcı´a Carmona et al, 2003).…”

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Nano-Microparticles: Applications in Drug Delivery

“…Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) is an abundant mineral that has several uses in paper, 1 Portland cement 2 and steel making, 3 as agricultural input for soil modification 4 and food additive in soy milk and dairy products. Due to its high biocompatibility, CaCO 3 is also employed in many pharmaceutical (anti-acid, dietary supplement for child and postmenopausal women), biological (scaffolds for cellular and bacterial growth) and biomedical (bioactive material for drug delivery, base for orthodontic cements) applications.…”