Effect of Chemical Mutagens on Some Morphological and Yield Components Traits of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L)

Abstract

T HIS INVESTIGATION was carried out to induce the mutations in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) at the Experimental and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University. Two wheat geno.types were treated with different concentrations of di methyl sulfoxide and sodium azide (NaN3). The highest grain yield/ plant (81.27g and 80.56g) were obtained from Sids 14 treated with either (di-methyl sulfoxide at 2000ppm) or sodium azide at 6000ppm. The untreated plant Sids 14 gave 39.23g. The variety Sids 14 was more productive than Misr 1 induction of stable promising mutants according to the final results at M 2 especially with respect to high grain yield/ plant. In general, Sids 14 was more response to chemicals treatment for 1000 grains weight than Misr 1 and gave higher 1000 grains weight. Sids 14 di methyl sulfoxide 1 , Sids 14 DMS 2 , Sids 14 Sodium Azide 1 , Sids 14 Azide 2 and Sids 14 Azide 3 gave (58.27,55g). The geno.types Misr 1 Azide 3 (2, 3 and 6) were short but the genotypes Sids 14 DMS 1 (3 and 7) were tall, while the genotypes Sids 14 DMS 1 (5 and 6) were very tall in both M 1 and M 2. In spite of the high 1000 grain weights variety Sids 14 gave the highest grains no./ spike 72, Sids 14 Azide 3 and Sids 14 DMS 1 giving 88.33 and 87.44 grains, respectively. Mutants Sids 14 Azide 3 and Sids 14 DMS 1 surpassed the original plants in grain no. spike by 22.68% and 21.44%, respectively. There was a significant and positive correlation between yield and spike no./ plant, spikelet no./ spike and grain/ spike across both varieties and generations. There was a low correlation coefficient between grain yield/ plant and 1000 grain weights (0.016) and the negative correlation between grain yield/ plant and plant height (cm).

Effect of Sodium Azide on Yield and its Components in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…Al-Nuaimi et al 16 studied the effect of chemical mutagenic and they were sodium azide (SA), hydrazine Hydrate (HZ) and maleic hydrazine (MH) at concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.05%) and morphological differences were obtained in peanut traits. Ahmed et al 17 studied (Triticum aestivum L.) and the results obtained when studying the correlation between traits were significant and positive for both the spikes no./plant and the spikes on./spike with grain yield, on the contrary, the correlation was negative and significant between grain yield and weight 1000.…”

​​Identifying Some Morphological Features of Mutant Quinoa Plants (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

“…There are different result about mutation applications on the plants height (Ul-Allah et al 2019). Cotton plants applicated mutation and measured M1 generation plant height there arent much different between control plants height and mutant plants height (Ahmed et al 2020) wheat applicated chemical mutagen finded mutant plants height higher than control plants. Chrysanthenum applicated diffrents EMS doses which is found mutant plants height higher than control plants (Chen et al 2020).…”

Identification of Induced Chemical Mutants for Improving Yield and its Attributing Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against Changing Climate

“…Chemical mutagens are known for their ability to induce mutations that affect single nucleotide pairs, as evidenced by various studies (Kurowska et al, 2012;Ahmed et al, 2020). Powerful chemical mutagen is Sodium Azide (NaN 3 ), particularly noteworthy for its potency in inducing mutations in crop plants.…”