Effect of chlorination on the cell integrity of two noxious cyanobacteria and their releases of odorants

Lin, Tsair Fuh; Chang, De Wei; Lien, Shao Kai; Tseng, Yun Shen; Chiu, Ying-Ta; Wang, Yi Shen

doi:10.2166/aqua.2009.117

Cited by 70 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…S2 shows no morphology difference among cells subjected to various chlorine doses and simulated transportation time. This result is in accordance with previous studies reporting that chlorine can damage the cell integrity but not change the cell morphology (Lin et al, 2009;Ma et al, 2012b). Additionally, the algal cell integrity results got at mixing speed of 80 rpm to simulate transportation after 0.2 mg/L chlorine preoxidation (Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of Simulated Transportation Time On Cell Integrity Asupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Chlorine, as a commonly used oxidant in algae-laden water preoxidation, has been applied at the intake points of water sources to improve algae removal . However, some studies have indicated that overdosed chlorine pretreatment may destroy cyanobacterial cells and result in the release of algal organic matter (AOM) to the water sources (Daly et al, 2007;Lin et al, 2009;Ma et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prechlorination of algae-laden water: The effects of transportation time on cell integrity, algal organic matter release, and chlorinated disinfection byproduct formation

Lan

Liu

et al. 2016

Water Research

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a b s t r a c tThe prechlorination-induced algal organic matter (AOM) released from Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) cells has been reported to serve as a source of precursors for chlorinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, previous studies have mainly focused on the precursors either extracted directly from the cell suspension or derived immediately after algal suspension prechlorination. This study aims to investigate the impacts of water transportation time after algal suspension prechlorination on cell integrity, AOM release, and DBP formation during the dissolved phase chlorination. The damage to cell integrity after prechlorination was indicated to depend not only on chlorine dose but also on transportation time. The highest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) values were observed at 2 mg/L chlorine preoxidation before transportation, but were obtained at 0.4 mg/L chlorine after 480-min simulated transportation. The variation of DON with transportation time was indicated to be mainly influenced by the small molecular weight nitrogenous organic compounds, such as amino acids. Additionally, formation of the corresponding chlorinated carbonaceous disinfection byproducts (C-DBPs) and nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) during the dissolved phase chlorination showed the same variation tendency as DOC and DON respectively. The highest C-DBP (98.4 mg/L) and N-DBP (5.5 mg/L) values were obtained at 0.4 mg/L chlorine preoxidation after 480-min simulated transportation. Therefore, when prechlorination is applied for algae-laden water pretreatment, not only chlorine dose but also transportation time needs to be considered with regard to their effects on cell integrity, AOM release, and chlorinated DBP formation.

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Section: Effects Of Simulated Transportation Time On Cell Integrity Asupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prechlorination of algae-laden water: The effects of transportation time on cell integrity, algal organic matter release, and chlorinated disinfection byproduct formation

Lan

Liu

et al. 2016

Water Research

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“…(82%) and the total remaining microcystin. According to Lin et al (2009) andZamyadi et al (2012) the response of cyanobacteria species to chlorination is influenced by the physiological state of the cells, cell densities and cyanobacteria species, water matrix and the chlorination conditions. At higher densities of cyanobacteria, such as 5.7 x 10 5 cells•mL -1 , chlorine doses of 3-5 mg•L -1 lead to cell membrane damage and partial toxin degradation (Daly et al, 2007;Zamyadi et al, 2010;Fan et al 2013;Fan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of conventional water treatment in removing <i>Ceratium furcoides</i> (Levander) Langhans, <i>Microcystis</i> sp. and microcystins

Almeida

Spiandorello²,

Giroldo

et al. 2016

WSA

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Algal blooms are a global problem due to various negative effects that can compromise water quality, such as the production of metabolites that are responsible for odour, colour, taste and toxins. In drinking water supplies algae can reduce the aesthetics of potable water when not readily removed by conventional water treatment processes. One of the major challenges in water treatment is the removal of cells without leading to lysis and the consequent release of dissolved metabolites in the water. The Maestra Reservoir, which is located in Caxias do Sul, RS -Brazil, is a small meso-to supereutrophic reservoir. The reservoir provides water for the Celeste Gobatto water treatment plant (Celeste Gobatto WTP) which uses the conventional method of treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of conventional water treatment for the removal of algae, cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. A bloom of Microcystis (Kützing) ex Lemmermann with a density of 23 163 cells•mL -1 , Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans, (5 356 cells•mL -1 ) and a microcystin concentration of 1.97 μg•L -1 was found in the raw water reservoir. Samples sites were assigned the following numbers: (1) raw reservoir water; (2) WTP entry; (3) after sedimentation; (4) filtered water; and (5) treated water. Cell removal was evaluated by cell counting conducted with an inverted microscope, chlorophyll-a by a colorimetric method and microcystin by an enzyme immunoassay kit. Conventional water treatment was effective in removing chlorophyll-a, Microcystis sp. and Ceratium furcoides, mainly in the early treatment steps. Microcystin persisted until the last treatment step, when approximately 50% of the microcystin that had arrived at the WTP was removed by disinfection. Removal of these taxa and toxin was above 98%. Despite the efficacy of Ceratium furcoides removal, the presence of this dinoflagellate in treated water is considered to be large because of its large size.

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“…In this WTP, pre-chlorination was not adopted. Prechlorination process may remove part of the septic odorants, but increase the earthy-musty odor by promoting algal cell lysis (Ridal et al, 1999;Lin et al, 2009). So the effects of pre-chlorination should be studied in the future.…”

Section: Mitigation Of the Septic And Musty Odorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous removal of multiple odorants from source water suffering from septic and musty odors: Verification in a full-scale water treatment plant with ozonation

Guo

Yang

et al. 2016

Water Research

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a b s t r a c tOzonation is known to be very effective in the removal of odorants from source water. However, it is not known if ozonation is effective in the removal of multiple odorants causing different types of odors. In this study, the removal performance for odors and odorants were evaluated in a Water Treatment Plant (WTP), which was equipped with coagulation, sedimentation, ozonation, biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration, sand filtration, and chlorination in succession and located in the downstream of the Huangpu (HP) River, over the period from April, 2014 to April, 2015. Flavor profile analysis (FPA) results showed that the source water was constantly associated with septic and musty odors. Geosmin and 2-MIB, with an average OAV of 4.54 and 1.38, respectively, were the major odorants for musty odor, while bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, DEDS and DMDS with an average OAV of 2.35, 1.65 and 0.78, respectively, might be responsible for the septic odor. While the musty odor could be removed effectively through the combination of ozonation and BAC, the septic odor and associated odorants required further treatment with sand filtration and chlorination for complete removal. It is clear that the advanced treatment process was effective for the treatment of source water containing complicated odorants. It should be noted that the sedimentation process needs careful management because release of odorants may occur during the treatment. The result of this study will be helpful for the mitigation of odors in WTP using source waters suffering from complicated odor problems.

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Effect of chlorination on the cell integrity of two noxious cyanobacteria and their releases of odorants

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Prechlorination of algae-laden water: The effects of transportation time on cell integrity, algal organic matter release, and chlorinated disinfection byproduct formation

Prechlorination of algae-laden water: The effects of transportation time on cell integrity, algal organic matter release, and chlorinated disinfection byproduct formation

The effectiveness of conventional water treatment in removing <i>Ceratium furcoides</i> (Levander) Langhans, <i>Microcystis</i> sp. and microcystins

Simultaneous removal of multiple odorants from source water suffering from septic and musty odors: Verification in a full-scale water treatment plant with ozonation

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