Effect of Cholesterol Vehicle in Experimental Atherosclerosis

Kritchevsky, David; Moyer, Arden W.; Tesar, Walter C.; Logan, John B.; Brown, Roy C.; Davies, Melanie C.; Cox, Herald R.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1954.178.1.30

Cited by 109 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…For several decades now polyunsaturated FA have been considered beneficial compared to saturated FA in the diet (25)(26)(27). This was particularly true between 1950 and 1970.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A human dietary arachidonic acid supplementation study conducted in a metabolic research unit: Radionale and design

Nelson

Kelly

Emken

et al. 1997

Lipids

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While there are many reports of studies that fed arachidonic acid (AA) to animals, there are very few reports of AA feeding to humans under controlled conditions. This 130-d study was conceived as a controlled, symmetrical crossover design with healthy, adult male volunteers. They lived in the metabolic research unit (MRU) of the Western Human Nutrition Research (WHNRC) for the entire study. All food was prepared by the WHNRC kitchen. The basal (low-AA) diet consisted of natural foods (30 en% fat, 15 en% protein, and 55 en% carbohydrate), containing 210 mg/d of AA, and met the recommended daily allowance for all nutrients. The high-AA (intervention) diet was similar except that 1.5 g/d of AA in the form of a triglyceride containing 50% AA replaced an equal amount of high-oleic safflower oil in the basal diet. The subjects (ages 20 to 39) were within -10 to +20% of ideal body weight, nonsmoking, and not allowed alcohol in the MRU. Their exercise level was constant, and their body weights were maintained within 2% of entry level. Subjects were initially fed the low-AA diet for 15 d. On day 16, half of the subjects (group A) wee placed on the high-AA diet, and the other group (B) remained on the low-AA diets. On day 65, the two groups switched diets. On day 115, group B returned to the low-AA diet. This design, assuming no carryover effect, allowed us to merge the data from the two groups, with the data comparison days being 65 (low-AA) and 115 (high-AA) for group B and 130 (low-AA) and 65 (high-AA) for group A. The main indices studied were the fatty acid composition of the plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and adipose tissue; in vitro platelet aggregation, bleeding times, clotting factors; immune response as measured by delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, cellular proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to various mitogens and antigens, natural killer cell activity, and response to measles/mumps/rubella and influenza vaccines; the metabolic conversion of deuterated linoleic acid to AA and the metabolic fate of deuterated AA in the subjects on and off the high-AA diet; and the production of eicosanoids as measured by excretion of 11-DTXB2 and PGI2-M in urine. The results of these studies will be presented in the next five papers from this symposium.

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“…For several decades now polyunsaturated FA have been considered beneficial compared to saturated FA in the diet (25)(26)(27). This was particularly true between 1950 and 1970.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A human dietary arachidonic acid supplementation study conducted in a metabolic research unit: Radionale and design

Nelson

Kelly

Emken

et al. 1997

Lipids

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“…The results obtained in rabbits indicate that methyl stearate was more atherogenic than methyl oleate 14 . In further studies, Kritchevsky and Tepper, to evaluate the atherogenic effect of individual SFA given under the form of natural dietary fats, interesterified corn oil with either 12:0, 14:0, 16:0 or 18:0.…”

Section: Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 86%

Screening for malnutrition in dwelling elderly

Salvà

Pera

2001

PHN

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For decades it has been postulated that the main environmental factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) was the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Nevertheless, confirmation of the role of SFA in CHD through intervention trials has been disappointing. It was only when the diet was enriched in n-3 fatty acids that CHD was significantly prevented, especially cardiac death. In addition to n-3 fatty acids, many other foodstuffs or nutrients such as fibers, antioxidants, folic acid, calcium and even alcohol contribute to prevent CHD. Thus the relationship between diet and CHD morbidity and mortality appears to be much more complex than formerly suspected considering as key factors only SFA, linoleic acid, cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Some of the mechanisms are briefly described, but many additional nutrients (or non nutrients) may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHD. Finally, as a result of the most recent epidemiologic studies the ideal diet may comprise: 8% energy from SFA, 5% from polyunsaturated fatty acids with a ratio 5/1 of linoleic/alpha-linolenic acid+longer chains n-3, oleic acid as desired, large intake of cereals, vegetables, legumes and fruits, fish twice a week, cheese and yogurt as dairy products, rapeseed and olive oils as edible fat. Without side effects, such a diet can be highly palatable, easily enjoyed by many populations and may prevent effectively and rapidly (within a few weeks or months) CHD.

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“…Using diets containing cholesterol fed to rabbits, Dr. Kritchevsky and his coworkers explored fatty acid saturation, chain length and other differences in the effects of lipids as a vehicle for dietary cholesterol. The first of the articles in this series, which was the first to observe that polyunsaturated fatty acids were less atherogenic in rabbits as compared with saturated fatty acids, appeared in 1954 [2]; the most recent article came out in 2000 [3]. Perfecting and exploiting another diet regimen, Dr. Kritchevsky was among the first researchers to use a semipurified diet.…”

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confidence: 99%