Effect of classic soft drink Coca-Cola as a solvent in the administration of tramadol and diazepam on biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the biochemical and morphological changes in the liver and kidney as a result of the acute administration of tramadol and diazepam with classic soft drink Coca-Cola (Coke ).
 Method: Thirty-six (36) adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Group A-control (distilled water), Group B (Coke ), Group C (tramadol, 50 mg/kg), Group D (tramadol dissolved in Coke, 50 mg/kg), Group E (diazepam, 10 mg/kg) and Group F (diazepam dissolved in Coke 10 mg/kg). All administrations were done intraperitoneal. Twenty-four hours after administration, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for evaluation of the liver (Aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and Alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), kidney (urea and creatinine [CREA]) function and the organs were excised and processed for histopathological examination.
 Result: A significantly increased in AST, creatinine and urea concentrations was observed in Tramadol and Coke Groups compared to control (P<0.05), while diazepam had no significant effect on AST, ALT (P>0.05), though it caused a significant increase in urea and CREA (P<0.05). Dissolving the tramadol in Coke aggravated its hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, while Coke had no significant effect on diazepam. Histological examination also corroborated the biochemical result.
 Conclusion: The results showed that mixing drugs with Coke does not improve the toxicity of tramadol and has no significant effect on diazepam.

Effects of Diazepam on Hematological and Histological Parameters in Rats /in Vivoand Unbiased Stereological Investigation

“…An indicator of this is a statistically signifi cant increase in hepatocyte apoptosis in treated group of rats (p = 0.044). Ilesanmi and Odewale [12] describe changes in histological parameters of liver rats after tramadol-treatment as mild hepatocyte necrosis and blockage of blood vessels without infl ammation, which was not detected in our study. These authors explain the occurrence of clogged blood vessels in the liver as a consequence of an impaired lipid metabolism, primarily cholesterol in the blood of rats under the infl uence of diazepam [12].…”

“…Ilesanmi and Odewale [12] describe changes in histological parameters of liver rats after tramadol-treatment as mild hepatocyte necrosis and blockage of blood vessels without infl ammation, which was not detected in our study. These authors explain the occurrence of clogged blood vessels in the liver as a consequence of an impaired lipid metabolism, primarily cholesterol in the blood of rats under the infl uence of diazepam [12]. Diazepam can lead to histopathological disorders in rabbit liver tissue, infl ammatory processes, congestion of blood vessels, dilated sinusoids and vacuolar degeneration [25].…”

“…Its prolonged usage has an effect on blockage of blood capillaries, due to disturbed circulation of metabolites. It also affects hepatocyte degeneration, appearance of microvesicles and necrosis in the liver tissue, resulting in liver toxicity [12]. Diazepam impairs rat kidneys on the histological level, leading to irreversibile, such as irreversible damage to cells in renal glomeruli and tubules, as well as rupture and blockage of blood capillaries.…”

Biochemical parameters of blood and urine of rats at six-week administration of Nalbuphine

“…Current issues for now are the study of morphofunctional changes in various organs under the influence of opioids [9,14,20]. Currently, there are works that highlight the changes in the biochemical parameters of the blood when using narcotic analgesics in the experiment [10,13]. The morphofunctional state of the kidney under the influence of various drugs and chemical compounds is studied by many scientists [3,24].…”