The aim of the study is the examination of the nephron tubules morphological changes at the early and late stages of the experimental chronic opioid effect. Varying degrees of the morphological changes of proximal convoluted tubules, loops of Henle and distal convoluted tubules under chronic nalbuphine effect in the dynamics have been detected. The materials of the study – kidneys of 56 sexually mature male-rats. The experimental animals received daily intramuscular nalbuphine injections for 98 days. From the first to the fourteenth day of the experiment the dose of nalbuphine was 0,212 mg/kg. Every next two weeks nalbuphine injections were done in increasing doses. For histological investigation was used commonly agreed method. The colouring was performed using hematoxylin and eosin as well as azan by Heidenhain's method. Varying degrees of morphological changes of proximal convoluted tubules, loops of Henle and distal convoluted tubules under continuous nalbuphine injection in the dynamics have been detected. The most vivid alterative changes can be observed in proximal convoluted tubules both: at the early and late stages of the experiment. At the early stages as of the 14th day of the experiment signs of granular dystrophy appear, as of the 28th day – necrotic changes, progressing further at the late stages of the experiment. The loops of Henle undergo sporadic destructive changes at the early stages and at the beginning of the late stage of the experiment. Distal convoluted tubules have been necrotic altered only at the late stages of the experiment.

Introduction. In the modern world, the problem of drug use, especially among the youth, is considered to be of utmost importance. Female body’s susceptibility to the development of drug addiction is considerably higher than that of the male body. The study of blood supply of the uterine tube is relevant since the morphological rebuilding of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube, considering its functions, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases of the female reproductive system. Under the effect of pathological factors, including opioids, vessels became the main target, and their structural changes are the basis for the development of the pathological process and determine the peculiarities of clinical symptoms. Methods. The study was carried out on 34 sexually mature white female rats (4,5-6,0 months) with the bodyweight of 180-220 g. Angioarchitectonics of the uterine tube of female white rats was studied in double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies with distribution into a control group (intact rats that were accepted as a relative norm, n=10), a placebo-controlled group (n=9) that received 0.9% saline for the duration of the experiment, and 3 experimental groups (n=5 each) that were subjected to long-term opioid effect. Results. After 2 weeks of Nalbuphine administration for female white laboratory rat, the minor expansion of arterioles and capillaries was observed, their diameter increased. Arteriolovenular coefficient augmented. After 4 weeks of Nalbuphine administration, arterioles were convoluted, loss of clear outlines, expansion of lumen, irregularity of vessels caliber, microvessels with microaneurysms, areas with hemorrhage and obliteration of capillaries were detected. After six-week administration of nalbuphine, the hemomicrocirculatory blood flow of the uterine tube wall was at the stage of decompensation, the capillary component was almost destroyed, arterioles were abruptly twisted and distorted, their lumen was uneven, venules were expanded and distorted, additional arteriolovenular anastomoses were opened, indices of trophic activity of the tissue increased considerably. Conclusions. The vasotropic effect after six-week administration of nalbuphine demonstrated severe damage to the uterine tube hemomicrocirculatory blood flow.

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Nowadays, there is an increasing tendency towards the number of patients addicted to opioid-related drugs, which are relatively freely available in pharmacies due to due to violations of the prescription regulations. Few analgesics have a competitive advantage compared to opioid analgesics, but their prolong taking can result in marked metabolic changes leading to the disability and mortality among opioid-addicted patients. This situation requires in-depth study of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of multiple organ comorbidities. Our study presents the analysis of data in special literature on structural remodelling of body tissues over the period of psychoactive substance intake, and in particular opioid analgesics. It has been found out that that there is a direct correlation between the changes in organs and tissues and the duration of exposure and the dosage of opioid analgesics. According to the literature, the first changes occurred in the initial stages of experimental research. Prolonged exposure to opioid analgesics led to serious dystrophic changes, which then turned into destructive ones and manifested by cell destruction. Therefore, the problem of the impact produced by opioid substances on the morphological remodelling of organs and systems is of great medical and social irrelevance. Prolonged use of opioids contributes to the development of a chronic endogenous intoxication that results in chronic multiple organ failure. This severe condition results from morphological alterations, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. A lot of issues concerning to organ remodelling due to long-term use of narcotic analgesics remain are still unclear. Therefore, studying the structure of organs under the impact of opioids is essential for medical researchers and clinicians in terms of the elaboration of the preventive measure and effective approaches in treating prolonged opioid addiction.

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