Effect of cocaine, ethanol or nicotine on ornithine decarboxylase activity in early chick embryo brain

Beeker, Kelly R.; Smith, Carlton; Pennington, Sam N.

doi:10.1016/0165-3806(92)90121-c

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Although Glut1 and Glut3 are present in adult chickens [11 -13] and in chicken-derived cell lines [14,15], glucose transporter expression during chicken embryological development has not been reported. The chicken embryo in ovo has been widely used as a model to study the effect of various growth factors [16,17], and drugs including ethanol [11,12,18,19], caffeine [20], nicotine [12,21], and narcotics [21,22] on various organ systems. Additionally, the chick model has been utilized to study neurogenesis [23], angiogenesis [24], oncogenic transformation [14,15] and bacterial pathogenesis and toxicity [25 -27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of glucose transporters during chick embryogenesis

Carver¹,

Shibley²,

Pennington

et al. 2001

CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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The patterns of Glut1 and Glut3 glucose transporter protein and mRNA expression were assessed during embryogenesis of chicken brain and skeletal muscle, Glut4 protein levels were also evaluated in skeletal muscle and heart, and Glut1 was examined in the developing heart and liver. Glut1 protein expression was detectable throughout brain ontogeny but was highest during early development. Glut1 mRNA levels in the brain remained very high throughout development. Glut3 protein was highest very early and very late and mRNA was highest during the last half of development. In embryonic skeletal muscle, the levels of Glut1 and Glut3 proteins and mRNA were highest very early, and declined severely by mid-development. Glut1 protein and mRNA in the heart also peaked early and then decreased steadily. Although Glut1 mRNA levels were consistently high in the embryonic liver, Glut1 protein expression was not detected. These results suggest that (1) Glut1 is developmentally regulated in chick brain, skeletal muscle, and heart, (2) Glut1 mRNA is present in liver but does not appear to be translated, (3) Glut3 in brain increases developmentally but is virtually absent in muscle, and (4) Glut4 protein and mRNA appear to be absent from chick heart and skeletal muscle.

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confidence: 99%

Differential expression of glucose transporters during chick embryogenesis

Carver¹,

Shibley²,

Pennington

et al. 2001

CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…Based on variety of studies, the developing central nervous system appears to be especially sensitive to adverse effects [10]. Embryo developing in ovo seems to be more susceptible to oxidative damage due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and relative embryonic deficiencies in free radical-related cytoprotective enzymes [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With an intention to avoid mystifying factors of maternal/placental drug effects, nonplacental chick embryo model was selected for present study [10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E-Induced Changes in Glutamate and GABA Metabolizing Enzymes of Chick Embryo Cerebrum

2013

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Vitamin E exists in eight different forms, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. It forms an important component of our antioxidant system. The structure of Vitamin E makes it unique and indispensable in protecting cell membranes. α-tocopherol, one of the forms of Vitamin E, is also known to regulate signal transduction pathways by mechanisms that are independent of its antioxidant properties. Vitamin E compounds reduce the production of inflammatory compounds such as prostaglandins. Swollen, dystrophic axons are considered as the hallmark of Vitamin E deficiency in the brains of rats, monkeys, and humans. The present work aimed to study the Vitamin E- (α-tochopherol acetate-) induced alterations of enzymes involved in metabolism of Glutamate and GABA during developmental neurogenesis of cerebrum. Therefore, cytosolic and crude mitochondrial enzyme activities of glutamine synthetase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, GABA transaminase, succinic Semialdehyde dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, and α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase were analysed. Vitamin E induced significant changes in these enzymes thus altering the normal levels of glutamate and GABA during developmental neurogenesis. Such changes are surely to disturb the expression and/or intensity of neurotransmitter signaling during critical periods of brain development.

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“…Although it is expected that the extract with a known concentration of anabasine could be compared to the pure anabasine standard, the presence of interfering substances will definitely reduce the potency of the N. glauca extract. It is known that alkaloids interact with triterpenoids and derivatives (Mali & Borges, 2003), amino acid decarboxylase enzymes (Beeker, Smith & Pennington, 1992) amongst other metabolites. Besides the pyridine alkaloids, N. glauca stores such metabolites (Bagni, Creus, & Pistocchi, 1986;Skliar, Curino, Milanesi, Benassati, & Boland, 2000).…”

Section: Pharmacological Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Anabasine and the Alkaloid Extract of Nicotiana glauca on Lepidopterous Larvae

Zammit

Shoemake²,

Attard³

et al. 2014

IJB

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For several decades, Nicotiana glauca has been known for its content of the pyridine alkaloid, anabasine. The toxicological effects of this metabolite have been extensively studied, as opposed to its potential insecticidal activity. The anabasine content of leaves of N. glauca, collected from Malta, was 0.258 ± 0.0042% as determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. In the Pieris rapae larval bioassay, the median effective concentrations of anabasine and the alkaloid extract were 0.572 and 1.202 mg per larva, respectively. The presence of other interfering metabolites may have resulted in this elevated EC 50 for the crude extract. Anabasine is quoted to be a very toxic alkaloid not solely to insects, but also to other animals, and its use in minute concentrations in insect traps may well prove it to be an effective natural insecticide.

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Effect of cocaine, ethanol or nicotine on ornithine decarboxylase activity in early chick embryo brain

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Differential expression of glucose transporters during chick embryogenesis

Differential expression of glucose transporters during chick embryogenesis

Vitamin E-Induced Changes in Glutamate and GABA Metabolizing Enzymes of Chick Embryo Cerebrum

The Effects of Anabasine and the Alkaloid Extract of Nicotiana glauca on Lepidopterous Larvae

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