Effect of coffee and cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee on markers of cardiometabolic health: results from the pocket-4-life project

Abstract

Purpose Coffee is an important source of bioactive compounds, including caffeine, trigonelline, and phenolic compounds. Several studies have highlighted the preventive effects of coffee consumption on major cardiometabolic (CM) diseases, but the impact of different coffee dosages on markers of CM risk in a real-life setting has not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coffee and cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee consumption on several CM risk factors in healthy subjects. Methods In a three-arm, crossover, randomized trial, 21 volunteers were assigned to consume in a random order for 1 month: 1 cup of espresso coffee/day, 3 cups of espresso coffee/day, and 1 cup of espresso coffee plus 2 cocoa-based products containing coffee, twice per day. At the last day of each treatment, blood samples were collected and used for the analysis of inflammatory markers, trimethylamine N-oxide, nitric oxide, blood lipids, and markers of glucose/insulin metabolism. Moreover, anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured. Finally, food consumption during the interventions was monitored. Results After 1 month, energy intake did not change among treatments, while significant differences were observed in the intake of saturated fatty acids, sugars, and total carbohydrates. No significant effect on CM markers was observed following neither the consumption of different coffee dosages nor after cocoa-based products containing coffee. Conclusions The daily consumption of common dosages of coffee and its substitution with cocoa-based products containing coffee showed no effect on CM risk factors in healthy subjects. Trial registration number Registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03166540, May 21, 2017.

Green/Roasted Coffee May Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects by Decreasing Body Weight, Abdominal Adiposity and Blood Pressure

“…Accordingly, the changes in abdominal adiposity observed in the hypercholesterolemics after coffee consumption, as well as the changes in resistin, leptin, and PAI-1 levels [13], could be associated with the effects on blood lipids, T-C, LDL-C and TG levels, which were significantly reduced only in the hypercholesterolemics [14]. In contrast, there were no changes in the fat distribution or the aforementioned parameters in the normocholesterolemics, in agreement with previous studies in healthy normoweight volunteers [11,16,25].…”

Effect of Coffee and Cocoa-Based Confectionery Containing Coffee on Markers of DNA Damage and Lipid Peroxidation Products: Results from a Human Intervention Study

“…As already reported [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], coffee capsules were chosen based on the results of a previous paper [ 2 ], while the amount of cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee was decided in order to provide approximately half of the caffeine content than the coffee.…”

“…During the three interventions, volunteers maintained their usual dietary habits and were instructed to avoid other coffee/cocoa-related food sources for the 2 days prior to and during the sampling day. To this aim, a list of allowed and prohibited foods was provided to the volunteers as previously reported [ 27 ].…”

“…In light of these controversial observations, there is a clear need to perform dietary intervention studies devoted to elucidating the impact of coffee consumption on human health. Within this context, the Pocket-4-life project [ 24 ] was developed with the specific purpose of investigating the bioavailability of the bioactive compounds of espresso coffee and cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee [ 25 , 26 ], as well as to study the potential beneficial effect of these products on cardiometabolic and oxidative stress markers [ 24 , 27 ]. Specifically, within the Pocket-4-Life project, we investigated the effect of one-month consumption of different doses of coffee or of cocoa-based products containing coffee on markers of oxidative stress, such as DNA damage and lipid peroxidation.…”

Metabolomic Changes after Coffee Consumption: New Paths on the Block

“…Inclusion and exclusion criteria and main subject clinical characteristics had already been published. [ 27 ] Briefly, 21 subjects, 10 males (2 smokers) and 11 females (6 smokers), aged 25.9 ± 0.5, BMI 22.3 ± 0.6 kg m −2 , were enrolled. The study was conducted according to the guidelines of Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki.…”