Effect of cognitive reserve on structural and functional MRI measures in healthy subjects: a multiparametric assessment

Conti, Lorenzo; Riccitelli, Gianna Carla; Preziosa, Paolo; Vizzino, Carmen; Marchesi, Olga; Rocca, Maria; Filippi, Massimo

doi:10.1007/s00415-020-10331-6

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Importantly, we showed that a higher cognitive reserve score directly affects greater grey matter volume, which is associated with better cognitive functioning. This finding is consistent with findings from the study by Conti et al (2021) [37] showing that higher cognitive reserve is related not only to structural but also to functional markers of the brain, which can account for the level of cognitive functioning. Moreover, the authors suggested that higher cognitive reserve promotes brain plasticity and optimization of brain functioning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Unraveling the Protective Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition and Brain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Szczęśniak

Lenart‐Bugla

Misiak

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that brain maintenance expressed in white matter hyperintensities and brain reserves, defined as gray and white matter volumes, mediate the association between cognitive reserve (CR) and cognitive performance. A cross-sectional population-based observational study was conducted, and the final study sample consisted of 763 participants (282 men and 481 women) with a mean age of 61.11 years (±9.0). Data from different categories were collected from study participants, such as demographic, lifestyle, medical, and psycho-social characteristics. All participants underwent a detailed psychometric evaluation (MoCA and DSST) followed by a brain MRI. Volumetric measurements of the total gray matter (GMvol), total white matter (WMvol), and white matter hyperintensities (WMHvol) were performed using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12 (CAT12) and Statistical Parametric Maps 12 (SPM12) based on 3D T1-weighted sequence. Significant direct and indirect effects of cognitive reserve on cognitive functioning were measured with both scales—the MoCA and DSST. In each mediation model, the volumes of WMH and GM were significant mediators for the association between cognitive reserve and cognitive performance. This study confirms the importance of strengthening the cognitive reserve in the course of life through potentially modifiable effects on both cognition and the brain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Unraveling the Protective Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition and Brain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Szczęśniak

Lenart‐Bugla

Misiak

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Most importantly, for the topic of the present review, higher connectivity between major networks in the brain is associated with an effective CR in Alzheimer’s disease and very high cognitive performance in healthy aging [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. Finally, although most of these reports are based on functional connectivity data, there is evidence of structural effects of CR proxies [ 3 , 65 , 67 ].…”

Section: The Neurocircuitry Of Stress Copingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Stress-Related Dopamine Transmission in Building and Maintaining a Protective Cognitive Reserve

2022

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This short review presents the hypothesis that stress-dependent dopamine (DA) transmission contributes to developing and maintaining the brain network supporting a cognitive reserve. Research has shown that people with a greater cognitive reserve are better able to avoid symptoms of degenerative brain changes. The paper will review evidence that: (1) successful adaptation to stressors involves development and stabilization of effective but flexible coping strategies; (2) this process requires dynamic reorganization of functional networks in the adult brain; (3) DA transmission is amongst the principal mediators of this process; (4) age- and disease-dependent cognitive impairment is associated with dysfunctional connectivity both between and within these same networks as well as with reduced DA transmission.

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“…Cognitive reserve refers to the facilitation of flexibility and the efficiency of neural networks to compensate for aging and increasing brain pathology (Stern et al, 2018). It may also be responsible for the optimization and recruitment of brain networks (Conti et al, 2021). In line with this notion, a study by Lin et al (2021) recently demonstrated that, in patients with MCI, high CR (as proxied by years of education) can alleviate the impact of brain hypometabolism on executive function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dynamic Functional Connectivity Signifies the Joint Impact of Dance Intervention and Cognitive Reserve

Mitterová

Lamoš

Mareček

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Research on dance interventions (DIs) in the elderly has shown promising benefits to physical and cognitive outcomes. The effect of DIs on resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) varies, which is possibly due to individual variability. In this study, we assessed the moderation effects of residual cognitive reserve (CR) on DI-induced changes in dynamic rs-FC and their association on cognitive outcomes. Dynamic rs-FC (rs-dFC) and cognitive functions were evaluated in non-demented elderly subjects before and after a 6-month DI (n = 36) and a control group, referred to as the life-as-usual (LAU) group (n = 32). Using linear mixed models and moderation, we examined the interaction effect of DIs and CR on changes in the dwell time and coverage of rs-dFC. Cognitive reserve was calculated as the residual difference between the observed memory performance and the performance predicted by brain state. Partial correlations accounting for CR evaluated the unique association between changes in rs-dFC and cognition in the DI group. In subjects with lower residual CR, we observed DI-induced increases in dwell time [t(58) = –2.14, p = 0.036] and coverage [t(58) = –2.22, p = 0.030] of a rs-dFC state, which was implicated in bottom-up information processing. Increased dwell time was also correlated with a DI-induced improvement in Symbol Search (r = 0.42, p = 0.02). In subjects with higher residual CR, we observed a DI-induced increase in coverage [t(58) = 2.11, p = 0.039] of another rs-dFC state, which was implicated in top-down information processing. The study showed that DIs have a differential and behaviorally relevant effect on dynamic rs-dFC, but these benefits depend on the current CR level.

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Effect of cognitive reserve on structural and functional MRI measures in healthy subjects: a multiparametric assessment

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Unraveling the Protective Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition and Brain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Unraveling the Protective Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition and Brain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Role of Stress-Related Dopamine Transmission in Building and Maintaining a Protective Cognitive Reserve

Dynamic Functional Connectivity Signifies the Joint Impact of Dance Intervention and Cognitive Reserve

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