Effect of coliform bacteria, feed deprivation, and pH on ruminal D-lactic acid production by steer or continuous-culture microbial populations changed from forage to concentrates1

Ll, Slyter; Ts, Rumsey

doi:10.2527/1991.6973055x

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A higher pH sensitivity of proteolytic bacteria might explain the longer duration of depressed NH 3 ‐N concentrations in the present study. Gas production is difficult to assess in vivo ; however, previous in vitro studies confirm that gas production, particularly methane production, is reduced in acidotic conditions (Slyter and Rumsey, ; Alves de Oliveira et al., ; Mickdam et al., ) as observed in the present study. The overall lowered fermentation is mirrored by a reduced digestibility of OM which may be mainly attributed to decreased fibre degradation (Alves de Oliveira et al., ; Mickdam et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Induction of a transient acidosis in the rumen simulation technique

Eger¹,

Riede²,

Breves³

2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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SummaryFeeding high concentrate diets to cattle results in an enhanced production of short-chain fatty acids by the micro-organisms in the rumen. Excessive fermentation might result in subclinical or clinical rumen acidosis, characterized by low pH, alterations in the microbial community and lactate production. Here, we provide an in vitro model of a severe rumen acidosis. A transient acidosis was induced in the rumen simulation technique by lowering bicarbonate, dihydrogen phosphate and hydrogen phosphate concentrations in the artificial saliva while providing a concentrate-to-forage ratio of 70:30. The experiment consisted of an equilibration period of 7 days, a first control period of 5 days, the acidosis period of 5 days and a second control period of 5 days. During acidosis induction, pH decreased stepwise until it ranged below 5.0 at the last day of acidosis (day 17). This was accompanied by an increase in lactate production reaching 11.3 mM at day 17. The daily production of acetate, propionate and butyrate was reduced at the end of the acidosis period. Gas production (methane and carbon dioxide) and NH 3 -N concentration reached a minimum 2 days after terminating the acidosis challenge. While the initial pH was already restored 1 day after acidosis, alterations in the mentioned fermentation parameters lasted longer. However, by the end of the experiment, all parameters had recovered. An acidosis-induced alteration in the microbial community of bacteria and archaea was revealed by single-strand conformation polymorphism. For bacteria, the pre-acidotic community could be re-established within 5 days, however, not for archaea. This study provides an in vitro model for a transient rumen acidosis including biochemical and microbial changes, which might be used for testing feeding strategies or feed additives influencing rumen acidosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…In the present study, the propionate proportion was already high before acidosis, probably due to the high concentrate ratio. The increase in the acetate proportion in AP appears to be mainly based on a stronger inhibition of the butyrate production, which occurs at pH < 5.5 (Slyter and Rumsey, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of a transient acidosis in the rumen simulation technique

Eger¹,

Riede²,

Breves³

2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Rumen concentration of both isomers of lactate in ACID was very similar, but in feces a 3:1 ratio was found between l-and d-lactic acid, respectively. Acidtolerant lactobacilli, mainly producing d-lactate isomer (Slyter and Rumsey, 1991), may proliferate in both acute and subacute acidosis (Slyter, 1976;Nagaraja and Miller, 1989;Goad et al, 1998) leading to an increase in production of total and in particular d-lactate. Microbial changes in the large intestine associated with experimentally induced acidosis have also been reported but they did not parallel those taking place in the forestomachs as in that site d-lactate potentially yielding lactobacilli did not proliferate (Metzler-Zebeli et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental acute rumen acidosis in sheep: Consequences on clinical, rumen, and gastrointestinal permeability conditions and blood chemistry1

Minuti

Ahmed

Trevisi

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Acute acidosis was induced in sheep, and gastrointestinal permeability was assessed by using lactulose as a permeability marker. Metabolism was evaluated by monitoring blood metabolites. Four rams (72.5 ± 4.6 kg BW) were used in a 2 × 2 changeover design experiment. The experimental period lasted 96 h from -24 to 72 h. After 24 h of fasting (from -24 to 0 h) for both controls and acidosis-induced rams (ACID), 0.5 kg of wheat flour was orally dosed at 0 and 12 h of the experimental period to ACID, while the basal diet (grass hay, ad libitum) was restored to control. At 24 h, a lactulose solution (30 g of lactulose in 200 mL of water) was orally administered. Blood samples were collected at -24, 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of the experimental periods for the analysis of metabolic profiles and during the 10 h after lactulose dosage to monitor lactulose changes in blood. In addition, rumen and fecal samples were collected at 24 h of the experimental period. The acidotic challenge markedly reduced (P < 0.01) rumen pH and VFA but increased rumen d- and l-lactic acid (P < 0.01). Concurrently, a decrease of fecal pH and VFA occurred in ACID (P < 0.01), together with an abrupt increase (P < 0.01) of lactate and fecal alkaline phosphatase. Blood lactulose was significantly increased in ACID peaking 2 h after lactulose dosage. Blood glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, Ca, K, Mg, and alkaline phosphatase showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) at 24 h, whereas urea and NEFA declined (P < 0.05) from 48 to 72 h. A strong inflammatory acute phase response with oxidative stress in ACID group was observed from 24 to 72 h; higher values of haptoglobin (P < 0.01) were measured from 24 to 72 h and of ceruloplasmin from 48 (P < 0.05) to 72 h (P < 0.01). Among the negative acute phase reactants, plasma albumin, cholesterol, paraoxonase, and Zn concentration also decreased (P < 0.05) in ACID at different time points between 24 and 72 h after acidotic challenge start. A rise (P < 0.05) of reactive oxygen metabolites and a drop of vitamin E (P< 0.01) between 24 and 72 h were indicative of oxidative stress in ACID. The perturbation of these blood metabolites suggests that acute acidosis was effectively induced by our model. The increase of lactulose in blood in ACID indicates that gastrointestinal permeability for the marker increased and the large increment after 2 h from dosage suggests that most of the passage occurred through the rumen or abomasal walls.

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“…In E group, a decrease of the liver enzymes activity can be explained by alterations of the rumen content VFA during the first four days when a significant (p˂0.05) elevation of the concentration of butyric acid and lactic acid percentage was determined. Alterations of the concentration of lactic acid could be associated with the direct activity of Lactobacillus culture in the rumen that produces D-lactic acid (19). In the present experiment, in C group cows, the decrease of ruminal fluid pH on D1 -D5 was significant (p˂0.05), and it negatively (r = -0.63) correlated with lactic acid and butyric acid (r = -0.72) concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

The Effect of Peroral Administration of Lactobacillus Fermentum Culture on Dairy Cows Health Indices

Liepa

Viduz̆a

2018

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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The culture of Lactobacillus fermentum was isolated from the biogas substrate. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of perorally applied L. fermentum additive to prevent metabolic diseases in the early lactation period of dairy cows. The experiment was performed in the early lactation group of a herd with 240 cows. The control and experimental group each consisted of 10 clinically healthy cows with normal concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate and glucose. On day 1–5 (D1–D5), the experimental cows received orally 150 ml of L. fermentum product of 8.1x105 CFU/ml. On D1, D2, D5 and D20, the rumen fluid samples were collected from all animals in both groups with an oral-ruminal probe once per day for detection of pH and concentration of volatile fatty acids, on D1, D5 and D20 – blood samples for biochemical analyses. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Significant changes were observed in the concentration of the liver enzymes AST and GGT. On D1, in the experimental animals AST concentration 100.5±14.0 IU/L was higher than in control cows – 51.4±5.7 IU/L (p<0.05). On D20, AST was reduced significantly only in experimental cows. On D1, GGT concentration 31.5±6.91 IU/L was higher (p<0.05) in experimental animals than in control cows – 13.6±1.53 IU/L, but on D5, GGT concentration in experimental animals was reduced to 18.4±6.41 IU/L (p<0.05), and remained until D20. Conclusion: L. fermentum culture administered orally for five days improved the blood liver enzymes in cows, and the effect lasted for two weeks.

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Effect of coliform bacteria, feed deprivation, and pH on ruminal D-lactic acid production by steer or continuous-culture microbial populations changed from forage to concentrates1

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Induction of a transient acidosis in the rumen simulation technique

Induction of a transient acidosis in the rumen simulation technique

Experimental acute rumen acidosis in sheep: Consequences on clinical, rumen, and gastrointestinal permeability conditions and blood chemistry1

The Effect of Peroral Administration of Lactobacillus Fermentum Culture on Dairy Cows Health Indices

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