Effect of compaction, delayed sealing and aerobic exposure on forage choice and short‐term intake of maize silage by goats

Brüning, D.; Gerlach, Katrin; Weiß, Kirsten; Südekum, Karl‐Heinz

doi:10.1111/gfs.12345

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Wichert et al (1998) reported that the silage exposed to air led to a decrease of roughage intake of cows. These reports (Brüning et al, 2018;Gerlach et al, 2013;Wichert et al, 1998) showed that silage with aerobic exposure reduces the DMI in ruminants, as is shown in our data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The PMR intake of the low group tended to be lower than that of the high group. Brüning et al (2018) showed that aerobic exposure of maize silage caused strong avoidance and low DMI of goats. Gerlach et al (2013) demonstrated that strong changes concerning the fermentation products of maize silage during aerobic deterioration and decreased DMI of goats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that the aerobic deterioration of silage causes a decrease in dry matter, an increase in pH, and an increase in temperature (Brüning et al, 2018; Chen & Weinberg, 2009; Gerlach et al, 2013). Also, losses of lactic acid, and acetic acid are observed in the aerobic exposure of silage (Brüning et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fermentative quality of corn silage on lactation, blood metabolites, and rumen fermentation in dairy cows

Kamiya,

Suzuki,

Oikawa

et al. 2023

Animal Science Journal

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We investigated the effect of fermentation quality of corn silage on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, ruminal fermentation, methane (CH4) emissions, and plasma metabolites in lactating cows. Six lactating Holstein cows were used in a 2 × 2 crossover design with two dietary treatments containing high quality corn silage with lower pH (high group) or low quality corn silage with higher pH (low group). The cows were fed partial mixed ration (PMR containing 50%DM of each corn silage) ad libitum plus 0.7 kg/day of concentrates at milking. The DMI of cows in the low group (24.8 kg/day) tended to be lower (p < 0.10) than that in the high group (26.8 kg/day). The dietary treatment did not affect milk yield or milk fat, protein, or lactose concentrations. The ruminal acetic acid proportion of the low group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the high group. The CH4 emission per DMI of the low group tended to be higher (p < 0.10) than that of the high group. The plasma concentration of the total cholesterol (TCHO) and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase of the low group were significantly higher than those of the high group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fermentative quality of corn silage on lactation, blood metabolites, and rumen fermentation in dairy cows

Kamiya,

Suzuki,

Oikawa

et al. 2023

Animal Science Journal

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“…(2011) observed DM increase of 6.09% with longer exposure (305 vs. 324 g/kg). During the silage exposure process, evaporation of volatile organic compounds and moisture occurs, which can increase the DM content (Brüning et al., 2017). In addition, the second silage compaction during re‐ensiling can increase effluent loss and increase DM content, especially in silages with high moisture content (Michel et al., 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐ensiling effects on sorghum silage quality, methane emission and sheep efficiency in tropical climate

Santos

Oliveira

Souza

et al. 2021

Grass and Forage Science

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether sorghum silage exposure to air for 8, 16 or 24 hr before re‐ensiling reduces silage quality and animal feed efficiency. Sorghum was ensiled in 52 metal drums (13 for each exposure time) with 200‐L capacity, and after 112 days, 39 drums were opened and silage was exposed to air for 8, 16 or 24 hr. Thirteen silos were not opened and considered control treatment. Subsequently, silage was re‐ensiled, and after 56 days, all silos were opened to determine silage quality variables. In addition, the silage was offered to sheep to determine animal feed efficiency. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications per treatment, and orthogonal polynomials were used to determine linear or quadratic effects of the exposure time. The non‐fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) (minimum of 278 g/kg), in vitro dry‐matter digestibility (IVDMD) (minimum of 570 g/kg) and lactic acid (1.51 g/kg for each hour) decreased with longer exposure. The pH (0.011 for each hour), ammonia nitrogen (0.057 g/kg for each hour), acetic acid (maximum of 17.9 g/kg) and aerobic stability (maximum of 62.4 hr) increased with longer exposure. Although silage exposure reduced NFC and IVDMD and increased pH and ammonia nitrogen, animal feed efficiency was not compromised. These results indicate that sorghum silage exposure for up to 24 hr does not compromise its use.

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“…However, ensiled forage offered to ruminants has often resulted in a lower voluntary DMI compared with fresh (Donaldson and Edwards, 1976) or dried feed (Thiago et al, 1992). Various attempts have been made to establish relationships between silage composition and feed intake (e.g., Huhtanen et al, 2002Huhtanen et al, , 2007 as well as feed preference, including volatile fatty acids, alcohols, acetone, NH 3 -N, ethyl esters (Gerlach et al, 2013(Gerlach et al, , 2019Brüning et al, 2018), and biogenic amines (Scherer et al, 2019). These studies are valuable for the exploration of the relationships between the variety of nutrients and sensory properties of silages and forage choice of ruminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking forage choice behavior of goats with the metabolome of contrasting silages

Scherer

Gerlach

Ghaffari

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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The interrelationships between silage preference of ruminants and compounds that may affect forage choice are not yet fully enlightened. Analysis of the forage metabolome in addition to conventional chemical analysis and preference trials can provide new insights. Six silage treatments each of alfalfa (AL) and red clover (RC), with different dry matter concentrations (222-391 g/kg), silage additives, and intended addition of soil, were produced in quadruplicate to obtain a range of qualities. After 120 d of ensiling, silages were sampled for chemical analysis, vacuum-packed, and refrigerated for subsequent preference trials with goats. Within 21 d, each possible combination of 2 silages and an AL hay that served as control (n = 21) was presented to goats (Saanen-type wethers, n = 8, body weight 105 ± 2.7 kg) for 3 h for ad libitum intake. Comparisons among means for 3-h dry matter intake (DMI) for forages offered in choice situations were made using variance analysis, including terms for treatment and animal and the Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test to separate means. The most preferred and avoided treatments of AL and RC silage amounted to 863, 858, 226, and 282 g DMI/3 h, respectively. To further explore relations between silage composition and preference, a metabolome analysis of the most preferred and most avoided AL and RC treatments were conducted. Metabolites (all low molecular weight molecules) were analyzed by a nontargeted metabolite profiling in the range of 50-1,700 Da. Metabolites showing the most distinct difference between preferred and avoided silages were identified by partial least squares discriminant analysis. In the 2 selected treatments of each plant species (those that were most different in forage preference), more than 6,400 compounds were detected and 2,010 were identified. Between preferred and avoided treatments, 934 of the detected compounds differed in RC and 1,860 in AL, of which 475 were altered in both plant species (251 were reduced and 186 were increased; only 38 behaved contrarily, meaning that they were increased in one substrate and decreased in the other). The database provides a useful foundation for the approach of explaining silage preference by ruminants.

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Effect of compaction, delayed sealing and aerobic exposure on forage choice and short‐term intake of maize silage by goats

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of fermentative quality of corn silage on lactation, blood metabolites, and rumen fermentation in dairy cows

Effects of fermentative quality of corn silage on lactation, blood metabolites, and rumen fermentation in dairy cows

Re‐ensiling effects on sorghum silage quality, methane emission and sheep efficiency in tropical climate

Linking forage choice behavior of goats with the metabolome of contrasting silages

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