Effect of Complete Submergence on the Activity of Starch Phosphorylase Enzyme in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Leaves

A, Das; Nanda, B. B.; Sarkar, Ramani Kumar; Lodh, S. B.

doi:10.1007/bf03263082

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…α-amylase and starch phosphorylase (Starch Pase) are induced by low O 2 and they convert starch to glucose and glucose-1 phosphate (P), respectively. These reactions are observed in storage organs of cereal grains, potato tubers and rhizomes for their germination and subsequent growth (Bucher and Kuhlemeier 1993;Das et al 2000;Geigenberger 2003). Rice can germinate under low O 2 conditions due to the expression of α-amylase genes in its aleurone layer.…”

Section: Regulation Of Glycolytic Flux Via Carbohydrate Mobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rice can germinate under low O 2 conditions due to the expression of α-amylase genes in its aleurone layer. Other terrestrial cereals such as wheat and barley cannot germinate under the same low O 2 conditions (Das et al 2000;Guglielminetti et al 1995Guglielminetti et al , 1999Narsai et al 2009;Ricard et al 1991).…”

Section: Regulation Of Glycolytic Flux Via Carbohydrate Mobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tolerant mechanisms to O2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants

Nakamura

Noguchi

2020

J Plant Res

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Wetland plants can tolerate long-term strict hypoxia and anoxic conditions and the subsequent re-oxidative stress compared to terrestrial plants. During O 2 deficiency, both wetland and terrestrial plants use NAD(P) + and ATP that are produced during ethanol fermentation, sucrose degradation, and major amino acid metabolisms. The oxidation of NADH by nonphosphorylating pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is common in both terrestrial and wetland plants. As the wetland plants enhance and combine these traits especially in their roots, they can survive under long-term hypoxic and anoxic stresses. Wetland plants show two contrasting strategies, low O 2 escape and low O 2 quiescence strategies (LOES and LOQS, respectively). Differences between two strategies are ascribed to the different signaling networks related to phytohormones. During O 2 deficiency, LOES-type plants show several unique traits such as shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and leaf acclimation, whereas the LOQS-type plants cease their growth and save carbohydrate reserves. Many wetland plants utilize NH 4 + as the nitrogen (N) source without NH 4 +-dependent respiratory increase, leading to efficient respiratory O 2 consumption in roots. In contrast, some wetland plants with high O 2 supply system efficiently use NO 3 − from the soil where nitrification occurs. The differences in the N utilization strategies relate to the different systems of anaerobic ATP production, the NO 2 −driven ATP production and fermentation. The different N utilization strategies are functionally related to the hypoxia or anoxia tolerance in the wetland plants.

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Section: Regulation Of Glycolytic Flux Via Carbohydrate Mobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation Of Glycolytic Flux Via Carbohydrate Mobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerant mechanisms to O2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants

Nakamura

Noguchi

2020

J Plant Res

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“…At present, the only evidence for the possible importance of starch phosphorylase comes from submerged rice plants. In submergence-tolerant genotypes, starch phosphorylase activity increases 3-6-fold between 2 and 4 d after onset of submergence, while activity of this enzyme does not increase in submergence-intolerant genotypes (Das et al 2000). The breakdown of starch (glucose n ) by phosphorylase proceeds according to the following pathway:…”

Section: Higher Energy Yields Than With Soluble Hexose As Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Mechanisms of anoxia tolerance in plants. I. Growth, survival and anaerobic catabolism

Gibbs¹,

Greenway²

2003

Functional Plant Biol.

265

289

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The caption to Figure 3 as published was incorrect. The correct caption appears below. Fig. 3. O 2 concentrations radially through 90-mm non-aerenchymatous, primary root of maize in 1% agar with shoots exposed to 21% O 2 (top curve) and 10% O 2 (bottom curve); the tracks were taken at 70 mm from the root-shoot junction (from Figure 6 of Armstrong et al. 1993). Temperature was 25°C. E indicates epidermis. O 2 concentrations were measured using a micro-platinum electrode and are presented as percentage O 2 in a gas phase at equilibrium with the solution.Abstract. Anoxia can be one consequence of waterlogging and submergence of plants. Anoxia in plant tissues reduces the rate of energy production by 65-97% compared with the rate in air. Thus, adaptation to anoxia always includes coping with an energy crisis. Tolerance to anoxia is relevant to wetland species, rice cultivation and transient waterlogging of other agricultural and horticultural crops. This perspective, in two parts, examines mechanisms of anoxia tolerance in plants. Part 1 covers anoxia tolerance in terms of growth and survival, the interaction of anoxia tolerance with other environmental factors, and the development of anoxic cores within plant tissues. Equally importantly, Part 1 also examines anaerobic carbohydrate catabolism (principally ethanolic fermentation in plants) and its regulation. We put forward two modes of anoxia tolerance, one based on reduced rates of anaerobic carbohydrate catabolism and the other on accelerated rates (Pasteur effect). Further, Part 1 examines mechanisms of post-anoxic injury. In Part 2 (Greenway and Gibbs, manuscript in preparation) we consider flow of the limited amount of energy produced under anoxia to processes essential for cell survival. We show that acclimation to anoxia in plants involves integration of a set of sophisticated characteristics, as a consequence of which the habitat within the anoxic cell is a very different world to that of the aerobic cell.

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“…Das et al . (2000) reported an initial decrease in the activity of starch phosphorylase after 2 d of submergence whereas the activity of it increased after 4 d of submergence, and declined sharply both in tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Very little work has been done on the role of starch phosphorylase in starch breakdown and its relation with submergence tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Non-Structural Carbohydrate and Its Catabolism Associated With Sub 1 QTL in Rice Subjected to Complete Submergence

Panda

Sarkar

2012

Ex. Agric.

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The present study is to characterise the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) status and its catabolism along with elongation growth in rice cultivars either possessing or not possessing the Sub 1 quantitative trait locus (QTL), i.e. Swarna and Swarna Sub1 exposed to seven days of complete submergence. During submergence, Swarna accelerated the rate of stem and leaf elongation and rapidly consumed NSC. In contrast, Swarna Sub1 consumed energy resources more slowly and maintained similar growth rate to that of non-submerged plants. Swarna Sub1 showed better utilisation of carbohydrate than that of Swarna by progressive induction of alcohol dehydrogenase, starch phosphorylase and total and α-amylase enzyme activity during submergence. Overall, submergence tolerance conferred by the Swarna Sub1 QTL is correlated with better maintenance and utilisation of NSC than that of Swarna. I N T RO D U C T I O NFlooding is a major stress and constraint to rice production and about 20 million ha in rain-fed lowlands in south and south-east Asia are adversely affected by floods each year. Damage to plants caused by submergence could have several causes linked to floodwater conditions, particularly interference with normal gas exchange and light interception (Das et al., 2009). The adverse effects of flooding on rice vary by genotype, and of particular importance are the carbohydrate status of the plant before and after submergence, the developmental stage at which flooding occurs, the duration and depth and the level of turbidity and turbulence of floodwater (Das et al., 2005). Submergence tolerance in rice is an important trait and is physiologically complex but seems to be genetically simple (Xu and Mackill, 1996;Xu et al., 2006). The Indian cultivar FR13A is the most widely studied and used source of submergence tolerance in rice breeding, and a major quantitative trait locus (QTL)-designated Sub1 was identified that controls most of the submergence tolerance of this genotype (Xu and Mackill, 1996). Sub1 was subsequently fine-mapped and cloned, and three genes encoding putative ethylene responsive factors (ERF), Sub1A, Sub1B and Sub1C, were identified, with Sub1A recognised as the primary determinant of submergence tolerance . Moreover, precise gene-based markers were designed for Sub1 and used for its successful introgression into popular high-yielding rice varieties §Corresponding author.

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Effect of Complete Submergence on the Activity of Starch Phosphorylase Enzyme in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Leaves

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Tolerant mechanisms to O2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants

Tolerant mechanisms to O2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants

Review: Mechanisms of anoxia tolerance in plants. I. Growth, survival and anaerobic catabolism

Role of Non-Structural Carbohydrate and Its Catabolism Associated With Sub 1 QTL in Rice Subjected to Complete Submergence

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