“…For example, the chemical composition (wt%) of the Nippon steel in Japan used for the 550 MPa grade offshore structure steel is 0.09 C, 1.5 Mn, 0.2 Si, 0.2 Cu, 3.3 Ni, 0.7 Cr, 0.5 Mo, and 0.04 V, and its carbon equivalent (C eq ) is about 0.771wt% [8]. In USA, the basic composition of HY-80 ship hull steels is 0.15 C, 0.25 Mn, 0.25 Si, 1.40 Cr, 2.7 Ni, 0.4 Mo, 0.05 Cu, and 0.01 V [9][10], with the C eq of about 0.78wt%, and it can be replaced by the HSLA-80 ship hull steel, which has the basic composition of 0.07 C, 0.5 Mn, 0.4 Si, 0.75 Cr, 0.9 Ni, 0.2 Mo, 1.15 Cu, and 0.02 Nb [11][12]. Still, there are many other examples, such as the AB series steels of Russia and the HLES series steels of France.…”