Effect of conductive carbon on capacity of iron phthalocyanine cathodes in primary lithium batteries

DFT analysis of Li intercalation mechanisms in the Fe-phthalocyanine cathode of Li-ion batteries

“…Later the same authors reported that only 75% of the transferred electrons were owed to Li intercalation, which implies B22 Li atoms intercalated. 17 A recent publication by Crowther et al 18 reported discharge capacities of up to 2050 mA h g À1 corresponding to the insertion of 43 Li atoms, where nanographene platelets were used to increase the electronic conductivity. Thus, these materials appear as very promising cathode alternatives.…”

“…Thus, these materials appear as very promising cathode alternatives. However, there are inherent problems associated with the FePc cathode such as limited rate capabilities, solubility of FePc in aprotic organic solvents, and low electrode density 18 that must be addressed. Overall, the most attractive aspect of the FePc cathode is the apparent high capacity associated with intercalation.…”

Characterization of Iron Phthalocyanine as the Cathode Active Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Currently, phthalocyanine-based materials are being investigated and characterized [1,2] to provide higher energy density rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The charge capacities for the composite cathodes with FePc as the active material have been reported in the literature, for example, 1440 mAh.g -1 FePc [3] and 2050 mAh.g -1 FePc (which is equivalent to approximately 43.5 g moles of lithium per g-mole of FePc) with nano-graphene platelets (25% by mass) as the electronic conductor [4]. The experimental work of the reference [4] prompted us to further characterize FePc as a potential cathode active material for its application in the development of lithium-ion batteries to be employed for extended discharge periods.…”

“…The charge capacities for the composite cathodes with FePc as the active material have been reported in the literature, for example, 1440 mAh.g -1 FePc [3] and 2050 mAh.g -1 FePc (which is equivalent to approximately 43.5 g moles of lithium per g-mole of FePc) with nano-graphene platelets (25% by mass) as the electronic conductor [4]. The experimental work of the reference [4] prompted us to further characterize FePc as a potential cathode active material for its application in the development of lithium-ion batteries to be employed for extended discharge periods. Also, the theoretical work [5] predicted that the overall performance of a lithium/di-lithium or iron phthalocyanine couple as an electric power generating cell is controlled by the lithium-ion diffusion in the cell cathode active material provided the lithium ion conductivity in the cell electrolyte and the cathode electronic conductivity are of the order of 1 mS.cm -1 or greater.…”

Synthesis and characterization, electrical and gas sensing properties of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-phenylendiamine substituted novel mono and ball-type metallo phthalocyanines

“…The physical properties of these compounds can be altered by changing the central metal ion, substituents at peripheral or non-peripheral positions and the ligands attached to the central atom [10][11][12][13][14]. If the possibility of introducing a large number of different metal ions into the Pc center is combined with the unlimited number and type of substituents, the diversity of novel compounds becomes unlimited [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”