Effect of Contaminant on the Durability of Epoxy Adhesive Bonds with Alclad 2024 Aluminium Alloy Adherends

Olsson-Jacques, Christina; Wilson, A.; Rider, Andrew N.; Arnott, David

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9918(19960916)24:9<569::aid-sia170>3.0.co;2-7

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…When this surface is exposed to ambient air for a long period, water is absorbed on the oxide surface and several air‐born organic or inorganic contaminants can be also absorbed. It results in a decrease of the bonding capacity of the surface 17–19. Despite this layer absorbed on the surface, the grafted polypropylene can react with the remaining free oxide sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion in polypropylene/aluminum laminates made by extrusion coating

Devisme

Haudin

Agassant

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The purpose of this article is to study how processing parameters can promote adhesion in grafted polypropylene/aluminum laminates made by extrusion coating. The density of bonds created at the interface is quantified by Xray spectroscopy after dissolution of the polymer film. dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests are performed to characterize the mechanical properties of polymer films. They are linked with the crystalline structure, as revealed by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A numerical model of extrusion coating is used to quantify the impact of cooling conditions on adhesion. A good correlation is found between the temperature history, the formation of bonds, and the mechanical properties of the polymer films. High temperature conditions can improve adhesion by increasing the open time for the reaction and the rate of the chemical reaction between grafted polymer chains and aluminum.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion in polypropylene/aluminum laminates made by extrusion coating

Devisme

Haudin

Agassant

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The surface sensitivity of this method enables the measurement of thickness and the assessment of the distribution of thin contaminant films on a flat surface, up to about 5 nm. 107,115 Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) can also be used in this analysis. This method has a very significant sensitivity, mass resolution and spatial resolution, which allows monolayer imaging of chemical information of the material.…”

Section: Moisture and Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the effect of moisture and contamination on the interfacial properties of adhesive joints

Borges

Marques

Carbas

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Adhesives play an important role in many key industrial sectors, such as the automotive industry, enabling the construction of lightweight, multi-material structures, combining polymers, composites and metals. However, adhesives are usually polymeric materials, which can be affected by environmental and working conditions, such as moisture and contamination. Although moisture and contamination degrade the adhesive, the failure of a bonded joint is often ultimately interfacial. Therefore, a literature review on the influence of those factors on the interfacial properties of adhesive joints is performed to understand the phenomena that take part in the degradation on adhesive joints when subjected to humid and contaminated environments, which can oftentimes be the case in factory conditions, especially for parts from third-party suppliers. The mechanisms and effects of moisture aging and contamination are presented, as well as experimental testing methods and practical case studies. It is concluded that both moisture and other contaminants may lead to a reduction in joint strength and catastrophic adhesive failure. Moisture absorption can occur through the adhesive, but in an adhesive joint, it can additionally occur through the substrate, the interface between the adhesive and the substrate or in the cracks and pores of the adhesive. After water ingresses into the adhesive, it decreases its mechanical properties and plasticizes it. However, in an adhesive joint, the water diffusion occurs much faster than in bulk adhesive due to the complementary diffusion paths, which typically leads to adhesive failure at the adhesive/substrate interface. Additionally, in an adhesive joint, water may induce the hydrolysis of the substrates or have other chemical interactions with them. Contaminants can diffuse through the joint or remain at the adhesive/ substrate interface. When they diffuse through the joint, they have consequences similar to those of water sorption. However, when they remain at the interface, they can produce locally debonded areas, which may lead to joint failure.

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“…Before the extrusion‐coating process, the samples were stored in ambient conditions for several weeks, which had exposed the substrates for water and contaminants. Supposedly, the corona treatment was able to clean up and etch the Al 2 O 3 surface for better bond formation with the polymers [15, 16, 19–23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These particles are poorly bound and can considerably impair the adhesion. In addition to water, air contains several organic and inorganic contaminants, which may also adsorb and bond on the oxide surface resulting in a decrease of the bonding capacity [19, 20]. To prevent the impact of surface contaminants, aluminum substrates are often pretreated prior to the polymer‐coating process [21, 22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion of extrusion‐coated polymer sealing layers to a fiber‐based packaging material with an atomic layer deposited aluminum oxide surface coating

Lahtinen

Johansson

Kääriäinen

et al. 2012

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Adhesion of extrusion-coated polymer sealing layers on an atomic layer deposited (ALD) aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) surface coating was investigated with a view to gain information on the applicability of ALD deposited barrier layers in fiber-based packaging materials. The polymers used for the sealing layer were low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polylactide (PLA). They were extrusion-coated onto the ceramic side of paper/PET/Al 2 O 3 substrates, where the Al 2 O 3 layer was a few tens of nanometers thick. According to the results, good adhesion was obtained for LDPE coating, whereas the other coatings showed a considerable lack of adhesion. Presumably, the oxidation faced by LDPE in the air gap of the extrusioncoating process was able to create an extensive number of reactive sites that strongly bonded with the hydroxyl groups on the oxide surface of the substrate. With the PET and PLA coatings, such oxidation did not occur and the adhesion obtained remained at a relatively poor level. With all of the coatings, the adhesion levels were improved using corona discharge equipment as a pretreatment prior to the extrusion-coating process.

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Effect of Contaminant on the Durability of Epoxy Adhesive Bonds with Alclad 2024 Aluminium Alloy Adherends

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Adhesion in polypropylene/aluminum laminates made by extrusion coating

Adhesion in polypropylene/aluminum laminates made by extrusion coating

Review on the effect of moisture and contamination on the interfacial properties of adhesive joints

Adhesion of extrusion‐coated polymer sealing layers to a fiber‐based packaging material with an atomic layer deposited aluminum oxide surface coating

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