Effect of context on the plasticity of cognitive activity

Kostandov, É. A.

doi:10.1134/s0362119710050038

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…1 show that at the set formation stage (when all subjects correctly recognized the difference in the emotional facial expressions in all 15 trials), a desynchronization reaction was seen during the first second after presentation of the target stimulus (S1), this affecting both the low-frequency and high-frequency components of the α rhythm to the same extents, in the "no errors" group of subjects and in groups with larger numbers of errors. This reaction was weaker in subjects with relatively small numbers of errors (1)(2)(3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In all these experiments, the loading on working memory consisted only of an increase in the time interval during which the subject had to retain the result of the comparative evaluation of the emotional expressions of two faces in memory and press a button and provide a verbal report of their decision in response to the trigger stimulus. This loading on working memory affects the ability to switch sets to a significantly lesser extent than in the situation in which loading consisted of an additional cognitive task introduced to the interstimulus interval [1]. In our view, synchronization of the α rhythm during the interstimulus period has significant functional importance when the interstimulus interval is lengthened.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Induced Synchronization of the Alpha Rhythm During the Pauses Between Visual Stimuli with Different Levels of Cognitive Set Plasticity

Kostandov

Yakovenko

et al. 2015

Neurosci Behav Physi

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies using models of cognitive sets (the Uznadze paradigm) for simple nonverbal visual stimuli or an emotionally negative facial expression have identified features of the dynamics of electrical oscillations in the range of the α rhythm in the cerebral cortex at specified periods of time between warning and target stimuli [4] or between target and trigger stimuli [3]. Both cases recorded the long-known rhythm desynchronization reaction in response to presentation of the first stimulus in the pair, but produced the first evidence that the middle part of the pause, conversely, involved synchronization, which then decreased notably or changed to desynchronization before presentation of the second stimulus in the pair. Working on the basis of current concepts, we regarded these changes in α activity over the 8-or 9-sec interstimulus time interval as induced reactions evoked by top-down spikes coming from the internal representation of time intervals between the acting stimuli formed in the prefrontal cortex during the training process [6,[10][11][12][13]18].α rhythm power in humans is known to be linked with the function of selective attention and to reflect its activity [7,8,15,19]. Thus, desynchronization of the α rhythm is regarded as an indicator of increased functional activity in the corresponding area of the cortex, its readiness to undertake some particular type of cortical activity, and as an indicator of "covert attention" [20] or "expectant attention" [16,17]. On the other hand, we regard the α-activity synchronization in the midpart of the interstimulus pause seen Studies in healthy adults (n = 35) using a model of a set to recognition of an angry facial expression showed that increases in loading on working memory by extending the duration of the time interval between the target (a facial image) and trigger (a spot of light) stimuli to 16 sec did not lead to any significant slowing of the switching from the old set to the new. Differences were seen between the group of subjects in whom set switching was accompanied by distorted perception of the emotional facial expression and the "no errors" group in the extents of the induced synchronization of the α rhythm during the interstimulus period. Synchronization was more marked in this latter group. The dynamics of changes in the α rhythm showed that selective attention was modulated during sequential cognitive acts, this being apparent at the bioelectrical level as changes in the extent of induced synchronization/desynchronization of α-range potentials. The proposed "inhibitory control" mechanism provides flexibility for cognitive processes by suppressing the influences of irrelevant factors on cortical processes during interstimulus pauses. We believe that this "protective" mechanism can explain the minor effect of increased loading on working memory in the present studies.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Induced Synchronization of the Alpha Rhythm During the Pauses Between Visual Stimuli with Different Levels of Cognitive Set Plasticity

Kostandov

Yakovenko

et al. 2015

Neurosci Behav Physi

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The presence of some power increase of α3-waves in the frontal area (r ≤ 0.05) in men with a low IαF can display the additional braking mechanisms of the sensory input [29,32] and can be the EEG-correlator of the matching process of the afferent information flows as to the new parameters of the muscle activity with the downgoing effects of the frontal cortex on the previous motor program. Such descending inhibi- tory influences generally prevent the motor programming [1] in the course of manual movements performed by the subdominant hand and, according to Kostandov [32], they show some less flexibility of commands. The reduction of the capacity in the cortex at frequency of the EEG θ-, α1-, α2-, β1-oscillations (with p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01) was specified both in men with a high IαF and in men with a low α-frequency.…”

Section: Features Of the Cortical Activity While Performing The Fingementioning

confidence: 99%

The Electrical Brain Activity in Men with Different Alpha-Rhythm Characteristics during Manual Movements Executed by the Subdominant Hand

Korzhyk

Morenko

et al. 2018

Ann Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The ability to control motor actions and flexibly interact with the environment is considered one of the main components of the human brain executive functions. The spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) is among the physiological techniques making it possible to formulate a direct estimation of specific features of the activity of the human brain during manual movements. Purpose: This study is devoted to an investigation of brain processes in men with a high or a low individual α-frequency determined during manual movements executed by the subdominant hand. Methods: A test group consisting of 104 right-handed healthy men from the ages of 19 to 21 was divided into 2 groups in terms of the average magnitude of their individual α-frequency (ІαF) -groups with high (n = 53, IαF ≥10.04 Hz) and low (n = 51, IαF ≤10.04 Hz) values of ІαF. The power and coherence of the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex as well as the differences between the groups were evaluated by the testees during manual movements executed by the subdominant hand. Results: Manual movements executed by the subdominant hand in response to the sensory signals are generally accompanied by the increased coherence of the EEG frequency components, especially, in the frontal, anterior temporal and central brain regions in men with different α-activity characteristics. Under these conditions, it has been found some electrogenesis power lowering in the cortical areas responsible for the sensory analysis, motor programming, sensory and motor information integration. Such changes have been combined with the local power increase of θ-, α1-oscillations in the frontal leads. Additionally, men with a low IαF were characterized by the local growth of α3-activity in the frontal areas of their cortex. Men from both groups also had the generalized increase in the capacity of the high-frequency β2-and γ-oscillations. Some higher power and coherence of the EEG frequency components have been registered in men with the low IαF in comparison with men having some high α-frequency. Conclusion: The functional content of the established differences may generally reflect some relatively lower tone of the cortex activation in men with a low IαF and can be specifically compensated by some increased "intensity" and the redundancy of brain processes.

show abstract

“…It was shown that this process involves local and distributed neuronal net works encompassing projection cortical fields, the extrastriate cortex, the prefrontal cortex, and limbic structures of the brain [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. It follows that the pos sibility of recognizing objects of different complexities is determined by the extent and pattern of involvement of modal specific structures in the analysis and pro cessing of visual information and regulatory systems modulating the functional activity of various cortical zones.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It follows that the pos sibility of recognizing objects of different complexities is determined by the extent and pattern of involvement of modal specific structures in the analysis and pro cessing of visual information and regulatory systems modulating the functional activity of various cortical zones. The most important role in cognitive processes, including visual recognition, belongs to the prefrontal cortex and its executive directional impacts on the activity of cortical regions involved in the performance of cognitive tasks [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain organization of the recognition of fragmented images in subjects who show different levels of task performance success

Petrenko

Farber

2013

Hum Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We studied the behavioral and EEG changes in healthy adults during recognition of fragmented images presented in a series beginning with a low fragmentation level up to a complete figure. Our sample was divided into two groups according to the recognition success. The first group made few mistakes. The other group made significantly more mistakes compared to the first group; this group had a shorter reaction time and a lower recognition threshold (i.e., the fragmentation level at which the object became recognizable). The ERP analysis showed the statistical dependence between the recognition success and the involvement of the frontal and caudal cortical areas. Compared to the second group, in the first one, we found no significant association between the recognition process and either early or late ERP components in the dorsolateral pre frontal cortex and found an increase of sensory specific components P1 and P2 in the caudal areas. These results support the hypothesis on the impact of the prefrontal cortex on the successfulness of recognition of fragmented images.

show abstract

Effect of context on the plasticity of cognitive activity

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Induced Synchronization of the Alpha Rhythm During the Pauses Between Visual Stimuli with Different Levels of Cognitive Set Plasticity

Induced Synchronization of the Alpha Rhythm During the Pauses Between Visual Stimuli with Different Levels of Cognitive Set Plasticity

The Electrical Brain Activity in Men with Different Alpha-Rhythm Characteristics during Manual Movements Executed by the Subdominant Hand

Brain organization of the recognition of fragmented images in subjects who show different levels of task performance success

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About