Effect of cooling rate on the transformation characteristics and precipitation behaviour of carbides in AISI M42 high-speed steel

Luo, Yiwa; Guo, Hongjian; Guo, Jingjie

doi:10.1080/03019233.2018.1461593

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Increasing the cooling rate during ingot solidification has been widely used by researchers to improve the characteristics of carbides, using methods such as secondary aerosol cooling, [17] changing the process parameters of electroslag remelting (ESR), [18][19][20] and changing the die casting material. [21] An increase in the cooling rate can significantly reduce the grain size, [22] improve the phase sizes [3,23] and morphologies of carbides, [24] and reduce the extent of defects such as cracks and shrinkage in ingots. [25,26] Therefore, it is highly effective to increase the cooling rate during the DOI: 10.1002/srin.202200137 Characteristics of carbides, such as their shape, size, type, and structure, significantly affect the plasticity and toughness of D2 cold-work die steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cooling Rates on the Characteristics of Carbides during Solidification of D2 Cold‐Work Die Steel

Liu

2022

steel research int.

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Characteristics of carbides, such as their shape, size, type, and structure, significantly affect the plasticity and toughness of D2 cold‐work die steel. The effect of variations in the cooling rate on characteristics of carbides during solidification of D2 cold‐work die steel is investigated. Characteristics of carbides solidified at various cooling rates are quantified by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The quantity of M7C3 carbides increases, but their size and the layer spacing decrease as the cooling rate increases in the range of 0.3–4 °C s−1. The types of carbide are not affected by the cooling rate. The main type is M7C3, with small amounts of M23C6 and MC. The carbides mostly comprise hexagonal hollow bars. There are a few lamellar and curved bar structures. The formation mechanism of hexagonal hollow bar carbides is clarified. The growth of hexagonal hollow bar M7C3 carbides is primarily affected by the chromium content and temperature gradient. Carbides form planar shapes together with nucleation masses and subsequently grow within a lateral envelope of helical dislocations. The interior cavity of M7C3 bar carbides shrinks and becomes filled with austenite as the cooling rate increases, which results in thin hexagonal hollow bar carbides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cooling Rates on the Characteristics of Carbides during Solidification of D2 Cold‐Work Die Steel

Liu

2022

steel research int.

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“…Similarly, rapid cooling after tempering also inhibits the formation or growth of the carbides and reduces the number of the banded defects. Luo et al [24] revealed that the relationship of cooling rate to the carbides volume fraction can be expressed by Equation (1): V = M × e −N×Vc , where V is the volume fraction of precipitations, pct. ; Vc is the cooling rate, Ks-1; M, N are constants obtained from the nonlinear regression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Evolution of the Semi-Macro Segregation Induced Banded Structure in High Strength Oil Tubes During Quenching and Tempering Treatments

Yang

et al. 2019

Materials

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C110 oil well casing tubes should have high strength and corrosion resistance which is commonly used for deep wells operation containing corrosive media. In this paper, the microstructure evolution of a kind of semi-macro segregation originated banded structure in casing tubes is studied under different heat treatments. It is shown that the characteristics of the banded structure will change significantly in subsequent hot working and heat treatment processes. For the hot-rolled ones, the banded structure is composed of pearlite plus bainite. After quenching, it evolves into martensite band with high concentration solute elements. Finally, the banded structure will change into a carbide banding under the following tempering process. The temperature and cooling rate of the tempering practice show an obvious effect on the final band structure. To improve anti-SSC (sulfide stress corrosion cracking) performance, the favorable QT (quenching and tempering) practice for C110 steel should be a higher tempering temperature and a quicker cooling rate, from which the banded structure defects can be decreased together with an obvious improvement of the tube wall hardness uniformity.

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“…Based on the data in Table 2, the fitting outcomes via fifth-order polynomials [25] are visually shown in Figure 5 and Equations ( 11)-( 14), respectively. a = 0.0059 − 0.012671 + 0.08131 2 Furthermore, the constitutive equation of the flow stress can also be expressed as a form of containing the Z parameter, as seen in Equation (15). Based on Equations ( 11)-( 16), the flow stress of the as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel can be calculated at different deformation temperatures, different strain rates and different strains.…”

Section: Modification Of Parameters In the Constitutive Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on hot deformation behaviour of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel

Zhao

Xia

Chen

et al. 2022

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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Hot working response of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel was investigated by isothermal compression testing in the temperature range of 1000-1150°C and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s −1 . Experimental results showed that the flow stress and microstructure evolution were susceptible to the hot deformation parameters. Work hardening first occurred at a small strain, followed by softening, and finally, an approximate dynamic equilibrium was achieved between work hardening and softening. The activation energy of deformation was calculated to be 557.33 kJ mol −1 , and constitutive equations compensated with strain were proposed to describe the flow stress as a function of deformation parameters. Microstructure analysis indicated that the average grain size decreased with the increase in strain rate and the decrease in deformation temperature. Additionally, the simulation of hot deformation via Deform-3D software revealed the sample's inhomogeneous deformation during hot compression. This study may provide guidance for hot working of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel.

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Effect of cooling rate on the transformation characteristics and precipitation behaviour of carbides in AISI M42 high-speed steel

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of Cooling Rates on the Characteristics of Carbides during Solidification of D2 Cold‐Work Die Steel

Effect of Cooling Rates on the Characteristics of Carbides during Solidification of D2 Cold‐Work Die Steel

Microstructure Evolution of the Semi-Macro Segregation Induced Banded Structure in High Strength Oil Tubes During Quenching and Tempering Treatments

Research on hot deformation behaviour of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel

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