Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Hardness in Gray Cast Iron Casting Process

Yulianto, Agus; Soenoko, Rudy; Suprapto, Wahyono; Sonief, Achmad As’ad

doi:10.36547/ams.27.3.996

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Nodules in nodular cast iron provide higher toughness, strength, fatigue resistance, stiffness, and vibration resistance than gray cast iron which contains graphite in the form of flakes. The excellent properties of nodular cast iron are due to its microstructure consisting of nodular graphite surrounded by ferrite and pearlite [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Austempering Holding Time Variations of 30, 60, and 90 Minutes at 300 °C on The Microstructure and Toughness of Nodular Cast Iron

Darmawan,

Anggono,

Yulianto

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The phases of the nodular cast iron matrix are similar to those of steel. Therefore, heat treatment of steel can be applied to nodular cast iron. A potential heat treatment for nodular cast iron is austempering. This study aimed to determine the effect of austempering holding time at 300 °C on the microstructure and toughness of nodular cast iron. The austempering process begins with austenitizing at a temperature of 850 °C for 60 minutes, then the quenching process is carried out in a salt bath until a temperature of 300 °C is held with variations of 30, 60, and 90 minutes, then cooled to room temperature. Metallographic testing was conducted to determine the phase change before and after the austempering process using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Meanwhile, impact testing was carried out to determine changes in toughness before and after the austempering process. At a holding time of 30 minutes, metallographic testing on the raw material produced a gray coarse pearlite phase, black nodular graphite surrounded by white ferrite. After the austempering process, gray fine pearlite and black nodular graphite appeared. At the holding time of 60 and 90 minutes, the graphite sizes were bigger. Austempering withholding times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes resulted in impact energy of 4.2, 10, and 11 Joule. From the results of the study, it was concluded that an increase in holding time would increase the size of the graphite and the toughness of nodular cast iron.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Austempering Holding Time Variations of 30, 60, and 90 Minutes at 300 °C on The Microstructure and Toughness of Nodular Cast Iron

Darmawan,

Anggono,

Yulianto

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Aiming to overcome these weaknesses, the addition of alloying elements and heat treatment is carried out to improve performance. The elements that are often alloyed into gray cast iron to improve their properties are manganese [8], sulfur [9], niobium [10][11][12], copper [13], molybdenum [14], silicon [15], and chromium [16]. Improved properties are also carried out by modifying the phase through processes such as quenching-tempering [17], austempering [18], spheroidizing [19], laser surface treatment [20], and flame hardening [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND HARDNESS IMPROVEMENT OF GRAY CAST IRON BY ADDITION OF FeSiMg FOLLOWED BY FLAME HARDENING PROCESS

Darmawan,

Anggono,

Yulianto

et al. 2023

Acta Metall Slovaca

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The addition of magnesium alloy elements followed by a flame-hardening process will change the phase configuration in gray cast iron. This study aims to investigate changes in microstructure and hardness due to these two processes. The addition of magnesium is conducted by adding FeSiMg as a carrier for magnesium. Metallographic examination to observe changes in microstructure was carried out using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The formed phase is examined by X-Ray Diffraction testing. The hardness test was carried out using the Vickers technique on the surface of the gray cast iron, the nodular cast iron, and the flame-hardened nodular cast iron. Whilst for flame-hardened nodular cast iron, the Vickers technique was also conducted on a cross-section. The addition of the FeSiMg compound changed flake graphite into spherical graphite with increased hardness from 130 VHN to 313.22 VHN. The flame-hardening process in nodular cast iron results in the formation of a martensite phase and the disappearance of graphite on the surface of the material. The hardness on the surface of the material due to the flame-hardening process increased by 82.4% compared to the substrate.

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Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Hardness in Gray Cast Iron Casting Process

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Austempering Holding Time Variations of 30, 60, and 90 Minutes at 300 °C on The Microstructure and Toughness of Nodular Cast Iron

Effect of Austempering Holding Time Variations of 30, 60, and 90 Minutes at 300 °C on The Microstructure and Toughness of Nodular Cast Iron

MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND HARDNESS IMPROVEMENT OF GRAY CAST IRON BY ADDITION OF FeSiMg FOLLOWED BY FLAME HARDENING PROCESS

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