Effect of cosolvent and addition of catalyst (HZSM‐5) on hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae

Abstract

Summary The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the direct liquefaction of macroalgae in an autoclave reactor (50 mL) possessing water and ethanol as cosolvent. The reaction conditions such as duration, temperature, algae/solvent ratio, the composition of cosolvent (ethanol‐water) on product distribution, and bio‐oil characterization were studied. The optimum conditions such as 300°C of temperature, 45 minutes of reaction time, 75% of ethanol, and algae to solvent ratio of 4/40 g/mL supported the bio‐oil yield of 46.75% with a conversion rate of 95.5%. The composition and concentration of the compounds in the bio‐oil produced under various doses of catalyst were described using GC‐MS. The bio‐oil characterization showed that the esters were most predominant in hydrothermal liquefaction with a catalyst (HZSM‐5) compared with hydrothermal liquefaction in the absence of the catalyst.

Influence of metal (Fe/Zn) modified ZSM‐5 catalysts on product characteristics based on the bench‐scale pyrolysis and Py‐GC/MS of biomass

“…In order to selectively obtain the required bio‐oil components, a catalyst is usually introduced during the pyrolysis process . The ZSM‐5 molecular sieves has a stable, porous structure, so it can be used as a catalyst directly, but it is also a convenient basis for catalyst modification …”

A critical review on biomass pyrolysis: Reaction mechanisms, process modeling and potential challenges

“…4. Composition of widely reported aquatic biomass feedstock (Álvarez-Viñas et al, 2019;Alves et al, 2019;Andrade et al, 2018;Andrade et al, 2020;Azizi et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2014;Choi et al, 2019;Gong et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2017;Ibrahim et al, 2020;Jung et al, 2019;Kim et al, 2012;Kuo et al, 2020;Lee et al, 2014;Li et al, 2017;Li et al, 2016;Li, Y. et al, 2020;López-González et al, 2014;Ma et al, 2020;Maddi et al, 2011;Mokhtar and Munajat, 2019;Norouzi et al, 2016;Norouzi et al, 2017;Pan et al, 2010;Parsa et al, 2018;Parsa et al, 2019;Rahman, 2020;Raikova et al, 2017;Rizzo et al, 2013;Shin et al, 2011;Shuping et al, 2010;Söyler et al, 2017;Verma et al, 2017;Wang, S. et al, 2018a;Wang, S. et al, 2018b;Wang, Shuang et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2020;Yadavalli et al, 2014;Yang, C. et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2019;Yuan et al, 2019;Zhong et al, 2020).…”

A Review of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass for Biofuels Production with a Special Focus on the Effect of Process Parameters, Co-Solvents, and Extraction Solvents

“…Catalyst HZSM-5 failed to provide high yield of heavy oil; however, quality of heavy oil was improved with high amounts of ester compounds. [140] 16 Alkali-catalyzed liquefaction of pinewood sawdust in ethanol/water co-solvents.…”