Effect of COVID-19 on Lungs: Focusing on Prospective Malignant Phenotypes

Sadhukhan, Pritam; Hoque, Mohammad O.

doi:10.3390/cancers12123822

Cited by 48 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The second major finding of this study is that the different CCTAs and lowered SpO2% were significantly associated with the appearance of the physio-affective core as well as with melancholia, cognitive symptoms and insomnia. Many (up to 70%) RT-PCR test positive COVID-19 patients show CCTAs (Adams et al, 2020), which indicate lung inflammation, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and lung fibrosis (Sadhukhan et al, 2020). In our study, the presence of CCTAs is strongly associated with lowered SpO2 indicating that pneumonia and lung lesions may cause decreased peripheral oxygen saturation, which is often decreased in COVID-19 patients and especially in those with more severe illness (Dai et al, 2020;Luks and Swenson, 2020).…”

Section: Effects Of Pneumonia On Affective and Physiosomatic Symptomssupporting

confidence: 46%

“…Importantly, our PLS analysis showed that one common "infection-immune-inflammatory core" underpins pneumonia-associated lung lesions, lowered SpO2 and immune activation, and that this core explains 70% of the variance in the physio-somatic core, and a relevant part of the variance in melancholia (31.1%), insomnia (30% when shared with BMI) and neurocognitive impairments (8.8%). As such, we may conclude that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is often accompanied by lung lesions and lowered SpO2 which both are known to induce immune-inflammatory pathways (Sadhukhan et al, 2020) and that the increased incidence of neuro-psychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 should be attributed at least in part to the infection-immune-inflammatory core of COVID-19. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can infect the brain, causing neuroinflammation and this is believed to be a another source of neuropsychiatric symptoms including chronic fatigue after recovery (Mandal et al, 2021).…”

Section: Effects Of Pneumonia On Affective and Physiosomatic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Intersections between Pneumonia, Lowered Oxygen Saturation Percentage and Immune Activation Mediate Depression, Anxiety and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-like Symptoms due to COVID-19: A Nomothetic Network Approach

Al-Jassas

Al‐Hakeim

Maes

2021

Preprint

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Background: COVID-19 is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms including increased depressive, anxiety and chronic fatigue-syndrome (CFS)-like physiosomatic (previously known as psychosomatic) symptoms.Aims: To delineate the associations between affective and CFS-like symptoms in COVID-19 and chest CT-scan anomalies (CCTAs), oxygen saturation (SpO2), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), albumin, calcium, magnesium, soluble angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) and soluble advanced glycation products (sRAGEs).Method: The above biomarkers were assessed in 60 COVID-19 patients and 30 heathy controls who had measurements of the Hamilton Depression (HDRS) and Anxiety (HAM-A) and the Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue (FF) Rating Scales. Results: Partial Least Squares-SEM analysis showed that reliable latent vectors could be extracted from a) key depressive and anxiety and physiosomatic symptoms (the physio-affective or PA-core), b) IL-6, IL-10, CRP, albumin, calcium, and sRAGEs (the immune response core); and c) different CCTAs (including ground glass opacities, consolidation, and crazy paving) and lowered SpO2% (lung lesions). PLS showed that 70.0% of the variance in the PA-core was explained by the regression on the immune response and lung lesions latent vectors. Moreover, one common “infection-immune-inflammatory (III) core” underpins pneumonia-associated CCTAs, lowered SpO2 and immune activation, and this III core explains 70% of the variance in the PA core, and a relevant part of the variance in melancholia, insomnia, and neurocognitive symptoms.Discussion: Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is accompanied by lung lesions and lowered SpO2 which both may cause activated immune-inflammatory pathways, which mediate the effects of the former on the PA-core and other neuropsychiatric symptoms due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Effects Of Pneumonia On Affective and Physiosomatic Symptomssupporting

confidence: 46%

Section: Effects Of Pneumonia On Affective and Physiosomatic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Intersections between Pneumonia, Lowered Oxygen Saturation Percentage and Immune Activation Mediate Depression, Anxiety and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-like Symptoms due to COVID-19: A Nomothetic Network Approach

Al-Jassas

Al‐Hakeim

Maes

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this respect, the similarity and overlap in CT features between the COVID-19 illness and lung cancer progression has been highlighted and the widespread GGO indings in CT images of COVID-19 patients have raised the probability of developing lung cancer in due course. Thus, a follow up at regular interval is in long Covid patients [16].…”

Section: Host Immune System and Sars-cov2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SARS-CoV-2 Infection causes molecular changes and recruitment of in lammatory cytokines/chemokines in lung tissue microenvironment [16]. As well known, several proin lammatory cytokines are involved in lammation-associated neoplastic alterations through various molecular and metabolic pathways, and ROS.…”

Section: Covid-19 Follow Up: Links With Neoplastic Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Involvement in COVID-19 and ‘Long Covid’: The Morbidity, Complications and Sequelae

Nikhra¹

2021

J Pulmonol Respir Res

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Introduction: the perennial pandemic: There are serious challenges posed by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 as the disease. With the persistence of the pandemic over one and half year, it is being feared that the COVID-19 may have become the new reality associated with human existence world over and the mankind may have to live with it for years or even decades. Further, the grievous nature of the disease is evolving further with genomic changes in the virus in form of mutations and evolution of variants, with enhanced infectivity and probably virulence. Acute and chronic phases of COVID-19: Epidemiologically, it is becoming clear that apart from the advanced age and pre-existing conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal diseases, certain constituent factors render some patients more vulnerable to more severe forms of the disease. These factors influence the COVID-19 manifestations, its course, and later the convalescence period as well as the newly defined ‘Long COVID phase. The substantial continuing morbidity after resolution of the infection indicates persisting multisystem effects of ‘Long Covid’. Lung damage associated with COVID-19: COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease presenting with a broad spectrum of respiratory tract involvement ranging from mild upper airway affliction to progressive life-threatening viral pneumonia and respiratory failure. It affects the respiratory system in various ways across the spectrum of disease severity, depending on age, immune status, and comorbidities. The symptoms may be mild, such as cough, shortness of breath and fevers, to severe and critical disease, including respiratory failure, shock, cytokine crisis, and multi-organ failure. Implications for the post-COVID care: Depending on the severity of respiratory inflammation and damage, as well as associated comorbidities, duration of injury and genetics, the progressive fibrosis leads to constriction and compression of lung tissues and damage to pulmonary microvasculature. Consequently, the COVID-19 patients with moderate/severe symptoms are likely to have a significant degree of long-term reduction in lung function. Depending on the severity of the disease, extensive and long-lasting damage to the lungs can occur, which may persist after resolution of the infection. Managing the long COVID’s challenges: Given global scale of the pandemic, the healthcare needs for patients with sequelae of COVID-19, especially in those with lung affliction are bound to increase in the near future. The challenge can be tackled by harnessing the existing healthcare infrastructure, development of scalable healthcare models and integration across various disciplines with a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities. Following clinical and investigational assessment, the therapeutic strategy should depend on the disease manifestations, extent of damage in lungs and other organs, and associated complications.

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“…The widespread GGO findings in CT images of COVID-19 patients have raised the probability of developing lung cancer. Thus, there is a need for follow up at regular interval for early detection of any kind of pre-neoplastic lesions [16].…”

Section: Host Immune System and Sars-cov2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Manifestations in COVID-19 and ‘Long Covid’: The Morbidity, Complications and Sequelae

Nikhra

2021

BJSTR

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Introduction the Perennial Pandemic: It is being increasingly realized that the Covid-19 may have become the new reality associated with human existence world over and the mankind may have to live with it for years or even decades. Further, the grievous nature of the disease is evolving further with the genomic changes in the virus in form of mutations and evolution of variants, with enhanced infectivity and probably virulence. There are serious challenges posed by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 as the disease.Acute and Chronic Phases of Covid-19: Further, it is becoming clear that apart from the advanced age and pre-existing conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal diseases, certain constituent factors render some patients more vulnerable to more severe forms of the disease. These factors influence the COVID-19 manifestations, its course, and later the convalescence period as well as the newly defined 'long Covid' phase. The substantial continuing morbidity after resolution of the infection indicates persisting multisystem effects of 'long Covid'.Lung Damage Associated with Covid-19: COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease presenting with a broad spectrum of respiratory tract involvement ranging from mild upper airway affliction to progressive life-threatening viral pneumonia. It affects the respiratory system in various ways across the spectrum of disease severity, depending on age, immune status, and comorbidities. The symptoms may be mild, such as cough, shortness of breath and fever, to severe and critical disease, including respiratory failure, shock, and multi-organ failure.Implications for the Post-Covid Care: Depending on the severity of respiratory inflammation and damage, as well as associated comorbidities, duration of injury and genetics, the progressive fibrosis leads to compression of lung tissue and damage to pulmonary microvasculature. The COVID-19 patients with moderate/severe symptoms are likely to have a significant degree of long-term reduction in lung function. Depending on the severity of the disease, extensive and long-lasting damage to the lungs can occur, which may persist well after the resolution of infection.Managing the Long Covid's Challenges: Given the global scale of the pandemic, the healthcare needs for patients with sequelae of COVID-19, especially in those with lung affliction are bound to increase in the near future. The challenge can be tackled by harnessing the existing healthcare infrastructure, development of scalable healthcare models and integration across disciplines with a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities. Following clinical and investigational assessment, the therapeutic strategy is likely to depend on the clinical manifestations, extent of damage in lungs and other organs, and associated complications.

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Effect of COVID-19 on Lungs: Focusing on Prospective Malignant Phenotypes

Cited by 48 publications

References 122 publications

Intersections between Pneumonia, Lowered Oxygen Saturation Percentage and Immune Activation Mediate Depression, Anxiety and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-like Symptoms due to COVID-19: A Nomothetic Network Approach

Intersections between Pneumonia, Lowered Oxygen Saturation Percentage and Immune Activation Mediate Depression, Anxiety and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-like Symptoms due to COVID-19: A Nomothetic Network Approach

Pulmonary Involvement in COVID-19 and ‘Long Covid’: The Morbidity, Complications and Sequelae

Respiratory Manifestations in COVID-19 and ‘Long Covid’: The Morbidity, Complications and Sequelae

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