Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health Rehabilitation Centers

Aamir, Alifiya; Awan, Sana; Filippis, Renato de; Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin; Ullah, Irfan

doi:10.1007/s40737-020-00203-7

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Resilience and social support are essential sources to facilitate mental well-being and improve people's understandings of meaning in life ( 17 , 26 ). Recent studies reported that people might not seek help to relieve themselves due to the low resilience and perceived social support under the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic, which in turn results in new mental health problems ( 3 , 4 ). In the case of the current study, COVID-19 related stress exacerbated the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms by decreasing the Chinese people's perceived social support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another Chinese study found that 53.8% of the respondents had experienced psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on a moderate or severe level, with 8.1% of respondents reporting moderate to severe stress levels by early 2020 (2). These negative mental health outcomes may attribute to the stress induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, as some researchers indicated that COVID-19 related stress made people more vulnerable to developing mental health issues (3,4). Recent studies further confirmed an association between COVID-19 related stress and negative mental health outcomes (5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Related Stress and Mental Health Outcomes 1 Year After the Peak of the Pandemic Outbreak in China: the Mediating Effect of Resilience and Social Support

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundCOVID-19 outbreak have a long-term negative impact on mental health. Meanwhile, it may also provide opportunities for positive outcomes (e.g., post-traumatic growth). Resilience and social support could serve as psychological resources to protect individuals against the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 crisis and enable people to develop positive changes during challenging times.ObjectiveBy testing the roles of resilience and social support in the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and negative mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety), as well as the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and positive mental health outcomes (post-traumatic growth, PTG), this study aimed to investigate the psychological mechanisms involved in different mental health outcomes induced by COVID-19.MethodsAn online survey was conducted 1 year after the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak (from April to August 2021) in China. The survey includes demographic questionnaires and six scales: the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for COVID-19 (IES-RC), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). The structural equation model (SEM) was used to evaluate the relations and mechanisms between COVID-19 related stress and resilience, social support in depression, anxiety, and PTG.ResultsA total of 771 Chinese subjects completed the questionnaire, including 416 (54%) females. COVID-19 related stress was associated with anxiety (P < 0.001), PTG (P < 0.001), and depression (P < 0.001). Resilience was related to depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and PTG (P < 0.001). Social support was associated with depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and PTG (P < 0.001). Under SEM analysis, resilience mediated the effects of COVID-19 related stress on depression and post-traumatic growth. Social support mediated the impacts of COVID-19 related stress on post-traumatic growth, depression, and anxiety. The path coefficients of the mediation effects were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that COVID-19 related stress has a double-edged effect on mental health. Depression, anxiety, and PTG coexist in Chinese individuals 1 year after the peak of the pandemic. Resilience and social support serve as important protective factors of mental health, safeguard people from the negative mental health outcomes of the COVID-19, and promote PTG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Related Stress and Mental Health Outcomes 1 Year After the Peak of the Pandemic Outbreak in China: the Mediating Effect of Resilience and Social Support

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Taken together, this evidence suggests a greater vulnerability to COVID-19 sequelae for people already suffering from cognitive impairment (e.g., dementia, Parkinson's) who need a support network, such as caregivers and social and health services (Aamir et al, 2021). The changes in routine living conditions, such as the lockdown-related difficulties to access the Abbreviations: BAI, beck anxiety inventory; BDI, beck depression inventory; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; GAD-7, generalized anxiety disorder 7; HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale; MCS, mental component summary; MoCA, montreal cognitive assessment; NMSS, non-motor symptoms scale; NPI-Q, neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire; PCS, physical component summary; PDQ-8, parkinson's disease questionnaire-8; PHQ-9, personal health questionnaire 9; PSS, perceived stress scale; QoL, quality of life; QoL-AD, quality of life in alzheimer's disease; QUIP-RS, questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in parkinson's disease-rating scale; RMBPC, revised memory and behavior problem checklist; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SAS, zung's self-rating anxiety scale; SDS, zung's self-rating depression scale; SF-8, short form health survey; SWEMWBS, short warwickedinburgh mental well-being scale; ZBI, zarit burden interview.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Mental Health of Caregivers and Their Patients With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide public health concern. It continues to spread rapidly throughout the world causing multiple physical and psychological consequences in the population. Especially, people affected by severe psychiatric or neurological diseases are highly susceptible to serious health complications not only due to the direct effect of the infection but also to the indirect effect of COVID-19 following social distancing during lockdowns and its general social consequences. Indeed, lockdown and difficulties in using the care services produced psychological consequences in caregivers such as depression, anxiety, and worsening of the quality of life which in turn affected the ability to manage patients. Our aim was to systematically review the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown in caregivers of patients with cognitive impairment and dementia and the impact on the health of their patients.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted by searching in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science by two independent researchers following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Data extraction and quality assessment were also performed. Papers were screened for eligibility by abstract and then those which met inclusion criteria were included in this review.Results: The initial search returned 410 records. After the abstract screening and the inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, 315 were excluded because they were irrelevant, 30 because they were reviews, meta-analyses, letters to editors, editorials, guidelines, or case reports, and 10 because they were duplicates. Then, 38 out of 55 abstracts/full-text articles were excluded because they did not simultaneously assess mental health of patients and caregivers. In the end, 17 papers were deemed eligible and included in the present review.Conclusion: Based on current literature, the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing lockdown caused severe psychological consequences for caregivers of patients with dementia, worsening their mental health, and increasing the psychological and physical burden, independently from the severity of the disease of their relatives, which resulted also independently globally worsened.

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“…In most mental health services, outpatient contacts tended to decline during the pandemic though, in some services, they were preserved and, in the catchment area of the inpatient unit under study, increased, as a consequence of different choices in the application of restriction criteria and in service activity[ 12 - 14 ]. These findings suggest that the distinctive organization of mental health services in Lombardia Region, each established according to a community-based model of care with a multidisciplinary team serving a well-defined catchment area under the coordination of the local department of mental health, had the potential: (1) To face and overcome the limitations imposed by the pandemic by changing allocation of human resources and remodeling interventions in order to meet patients’ new and different needs; and (2) To implement a shared recommendation that all patients, and especially so those with severe mental disorder, were not left alone and forgotten during the COVID-19 crisis and received regular assessment, emotional support and treatment ( e.g., long-acting antipsychotics) by telephone consultations, face-to-face interviews or, in selected cases, domiciliary visits[ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking hospital psychiatry in Italy in light of COVID-19 experience

Piccinelli¹,

Bortolaso²,

Wilkinson³

2022

WJV

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BACKGROUND Italy retains a distinctive organization of mental health services according to a community-based model of care with a multidisciplinary team serving a well-defined catchment area under the coordination of the local department of mental health. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is forcing Italian mental health services to develop new organizational strategies at all levels of care in order to face the associated challenges. AIM To explore factors associated with changes in psychiatric admissions to an inpatient psychiatric unit located in Lombardia Region, Italy. METHODS All hospital admissions ( n = 44) were recorded to an inpatient psychiatric unit during a three month national lockdown in Italy in 2020 and compared with those occurring over the same time period in 2019 ( n = 71). For each admission, a 20-item checklist was completed to identify factors leading to admission. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows, release 11.0. Chi-square test (or Fisher’s exact test) and Mann-Whitney U-test were applied, where appropriate. RESULTS Hospital admissions dropped by 38% during the COVID-19 pandemic. No significant differences were found in demographics, clinical variables associated with hospital admissions and length of stay between 2019 and 2020. Compared with 2019, a significantly greater proportion of hospital admissions in 2020 were related to difficulties in organizing care programs outside the hospital (chi-square = 4.91, df 1, one-way P = 0.035) and in patients’ family contexts (chi-square = 3.71, df 1, one-way P = 0.049). On the other hand, logistic and communication difficulties pertaining to residential facilities and programs were significantly more common in 2019 than in 2020 (chi-square = 4.38, df 1, one-way P = 0.032). CONCLUSION Admissions to the inpatient psychiatric unit dropped significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, with difficulties in organizing care programs outside the hospital and in patients’ family contexts occurring more frequently compared with 2019.

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Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health Rehabilitation Centers

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

COVID-19 Related Stress and Mental Health Outcomes 1 Year After the Peak of the Pandemic Outbreak in China: the Mediating Effect of Resilience and Social Support

COVID-19 Related Stress and Mental Health Outcomes 1 Year After the Peak of the Pandemic Outbreak in China: the Mediating Effect of Resilience and Social Support

The Mental Health of Caregivers and Their Patients With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Rethinking hospital psychiatry in Italy in light of COVID-19 experience

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